谢尔瓦妮古丽·阿卜力米提, 郑帅印, 马翔宇, 迪丽娜尔·艾克拜尔, 李富业. 煤矿企业员工多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患症状发生情况及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(6): 617-624. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21335
引用本文: 谢尔瓦妮古丽·阿卜力米提, 郑帅印, 马翔宇, 迪丽娜尔·艾克拜尔, 李富业. 煤矿企业员工多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患症状发生情况及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(6): 617-624. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21335
Xie’erwaniguli ABULIMITI, ZHENG Shuaiyin, MA Xiangyu, Dilina’er AIKEBAI’ER, LI Fuye. Prevalence and influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in coal mining enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(6): 617-624. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21335
Citation: Xie’erwaniguli ABULIMITI, ZHENG Shuaiyin, MA Xiangyu, Dilina’er AIKEBAI’ER, LI Fuye. Prevalence and influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in coal mining enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(6): 617-624. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21335

煤矿企业员工多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患症状发生情况及影响因素

Prevalence and influencing factors of multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders among workers in coal mining enterprises

  • 摘要: 背景 煤矿工人因作业环境特殊及广泛接触职业危害因素,容易发生多部位工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患(WMSDs),严重影响工人的身心健康。

    目的 对新疆煤矿企业员工多部位WMSDs症状发生情况进行调查,并分析影响多部位WMSDs的相关因素。

    方法 采用分层整群随机抽样的方法,于2019—2020年在新疆6家煤矿企业采用“肌肉骨骼疾患调查表”“职业倦怠调查问卷”“简明职业紧张问卷”对工龄≥1年的在职煤矿工的一般情况、过去1年内WMSDs症状发生情况、工作情况、职业倦怠、职业紧张情况进行调查。使用多因素logistic回归模型对多部位WMSDs的影响因素进行分析。

    结果 本次调查共发放1730份问卷,回收有效问卷1448份,有效回收率83.7%。1448名煤矿工人中男性占93.2%,女性占6.8%;年龄 ≤ 35岁者占39.2%,> 35~45岁占31.1%,> 45岁占29.6%;工龄 ≤ 10年者占58.4%,> 10~20年占20.0%,> 20年占21.6%。煤矿工人WMSDs总症状发生率75.6%(1095/1448),其中多部位症状发生率为58.4%(846/1448),单一部位症状发生率为17.2%(249/1448)。多因素logistic回归分析结果表明,工龄 > 20年(OR=2.245,95%CI:1.655~3.045)、重度职业倦怠(OR=2.644,95%CI:1.549~4.516)、每分钟做多次重复性操作很频繁(OR=2.038,95%CI:1.339~3.101)、经常大幅度弯腰工作(OR=1.467,95%CI:1.111~1.938)、长时间颈前倾(OR=1.671,95%CI:1.294~2.159)和脚底打滑或跌倒(OR=2.459,95%CI:1.908~3.168)与罹患多部位WMSDs呈正相关;休息时间充足(OR=0.718,95%CI:0.565~0.913)与罹患多部位WMSDs呈负相关。

    结论 多部位WMSDs在煤矿企业员工中高发,与单一部位相比,多部位WMSDs症状发生率更高。工龄、职业倦怠、每分钟做多次重复性操作、经常大幅度弯腰、长时间保持颈前倾、脚底打滑或跌倒、休息时间充足是煤矿工人罹患多部位WMSDs的影响因素。

     

    Abstract: Background Coal workers are inclined to report multi-site work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) due to their specific working environment and extensive exposure to occupational hazards, which seriously affect the physical and mental health of coal workers.

    objective To investigate the prevalence of multi-site WMSDs among workers in coal mining enterprises in Xinjiang, and analyze the related factors influencing multi-site WMSDs.

    Methods Using stratified cluster random sampling method, Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, Job Burnout Questionnaire, and Brief Occupational Stress Questionnaire were distributed in six Xinjiang coal mining enterprises to collect data on general information, prevalence of WMSDs in the past year, work-related information, job burnout, and occupational stress among coal miners with a working experience ≥ 1 year. A multiple logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs.

    Results A total of 1730 questionnaires were distributed in this survey, 1448 valid questionnaires were recovered, and the valid recovery rate was 83.7%. Among the 1448 coal miners, 93.2% were males and 6.8% were females; 39.2% were aged ≤ 35 years, 31.1% were aged 35-45 years, and 29.6% were aged > 45 years; 58.4% reported ≤ 10 years of working experience, 20.0% reported 10-20 years, and 21.6% reported > 20 years. The total prevalence rate of WMSDs in the coal miners was 75.6% (1095/1448), the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs was 58.4% (846/1448), and the prevalence rate of one-site WMSDs was 17.2% (249/1448). The results of multiple logistic regression analysis showed that working experience > 20 years ( OR=2.245, 95%CI: 1.655-3.045), severe burnout (OR=2.644, 95%CI: 1.549-4.516), and multiple repetitive operations per minute very often (OR=2.038, 95%CI: 1.339-3.101), often bending at larger angles (OR=1.467, 95%CI: 1.111-1.938), long-time bending the neck forward (OR=1.671, 95%CI: 1.294-2.159), and slipping or falling down (OR=2.459, 95%CI: 1.908-3.168) were positively correlated with multi-site WMSDs; sufficient rest time (OR=0.718, 95%CI: 0.565-0.913) was negatively correlated with multi-site WMSDs.

    Conclusion Multi-site WMSDs is common among workers in coal mining enterprises, and the prevalence rate of multi-site WMSDs is higher than that of one-site WMSDs. Working experience, job burnout, frequent multiple repetitive operations per minute, often bending at larger angles, long-time bending the neck forward, slipping or falling down, and sufficient rest time are influencing factors of multi-site WMSDs in coal workers.

     

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