空勤人员宇宙辐射职业危害的研究进展
Research progress on occupational hazards of cosmic radiation for aircrew
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摘要:
根据中国民航局2020年发布的数据显示，我国目前共有超过6万名的飞行员和超过10万名乘务员在各航空公司持证上岗。这些空勤人员的健康是维护和延续民用航空顺利发展的的基础。空勤人员在高空中会受到宇宙辐射的照射，然而由于宇宙辐射种类复杂、多变、难以准确测量，因此其对空勤人员的健康是否有影响并没有定论。本文介绍了宇宙辐射对空勤人员的影响，回顾了国内外对于宇宙辐射剂量的估算并总结了剂量测量方法种类和局限性，并指出了现有的空勤人员职业健康管理的不足，对加强空勤人员的辐射危害的健康管理提出新的意见。
Abstract: According to the data released by the Civil Aviation Administration of China in 2020, there are more than 60000 pilots and more than 100000 flight attendants in China working with certificates in various airlines. The health of these aircrew is the basis for maintaining and continuing the smooth development of civil aviation. Aircrew are exposed to cosmic radiation at high altitudes. However, because the types of cosmic radiation are complex, changeable, and difficult to measure accurately, there is no definite conclusion as to whether it has any effect on the health of aircrew. This paper introduced the impacts of cosmic radiation on aircrew, reviewed the estimation of cosmic radiation dose at home and abroad, and summarized the cosmic radiation dose measurement methods and their limitations. It also pointed out the shortcomings of existing occupational health management of aircrew and put forward new suggestions on strengthening the health management of radiation hazards for aircrew.
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