Background The high-altitude climate may affect the occurrences of hypertension, fatty liver, and hyperuricemia in local residents. However, there are few reports on the health of adult Tibetan residents.

Objective This investigation focuses on the detection and distribution characteristics of hypertension, fatty liver, and hyperuricemia among adult Tibetans in a community in Lhasa, Tibet.

Methods All adult Tibetan residents of a selected community who participated a physical examination at the community health center from May 10 to June 16, 2017 were study subjects. The physical examination included measurements of height, weight, and blood pressure, routine blood test, biochemical test, and abdominal ultrasound examination. Chi-square test and t test were used to analyze the difference of the physical examination indicators.

Results Finally, 1053 participants were included in this investigation, averaged (47.89±13.54) years, including 390 males (37.0%) and 663 females (63.0%). The results showed that 323 (30.7%) participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 344 (32.7%) with fatty liver, and 115 (10.9%) with hyperuricemia. Among them, the detection rates of hypertension, fatty liver, and hyperuricemia in males were higher than those in females (37.9% vs 26.4%, 39.7% vs 28.5%, and 16.4% vs 7.7%; χ²=15.41, 14.10, and 19.18, all P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of obesity, dyslipidemia, increased hemoglobin, and elevated alanine aminotransferase in the participants with hypertension were higher than those in the participants without hypertension (48.6% vs 23.8%, 52.9% vs 33.6%, 40.2% vs 27.8%, and 45.8% vs 33.7%; χ²=63.75, 35.19, 16.02, and 14.05, all P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of obesity, dyslipidemia, gallbladder abnormality, erythrocytosis, increased hemoglobin, increased hematocrit, and elevated alanine aminotransferase in the participants with fatty liver were higher than those in the participants without fatty liver (59.3% vs 17.9%, 53.8% vs 32.6%, 36.9% vs 29.6%, 24.1% vs 15.4%, 44.5% vs 25.4%, 54.9% vs 47.2%, and 53.8% vs 29.5%; χ²=184.10, 43.55, 5.67, 11.91, 39.03, 5.48, and 58.41, all P < 0.05). The prevalence rates of obesity, dyslipidemia, erythrocytosis, increased hemoglobin, and elevated alanine transaminase in the participants with hyperuricemia were higher than those in the participants without hyperuricemia (54.8% vs 28.6%, 50.4% vs 38.2%, 32.2% vs 16.5%, 49.6% vs 29.4%, and 56.5% vs 35.1%; χ²=32.65, 6.45, 16.83, 19.22, and 20.12, all P < 0.05).

Conclusion The findings show that the adult Tibetan residents in the selected community show high prevalence rates of hypertension, fatty liver, and hyperuricemia.