陈天一, 陈非儿, 王侃, 马学东, 魏新萍, 宋彩霞, 张华, 蔡云飞, 夏昭林, 赵卓慧. 上海市区老年人群细颗粒物个体暴露评估及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20375
引用本文: 陈天一, 陈非儿, 王侃, 马学东, 魏新萍, 宋彩霞, 张华, 蔡云飞, 夏昭林, 赵卓慧. 上海市区老年人群细颗粒物个体暴露评估及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20375
CHEN Tianyi, CHEN Fei'er, WANG Kan, MA Xuedong, WEI Xinping, SONG Caixia, ZHANG Hua, CAI Yunfei, XIA Zhaolin, ZHAO Zhuohui. Individual exposure assessment of fine particulate matters and influencing factors in the elderly in urban area of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20375
Citation: CHEN Tianyi, CHEN Fei'er, WANG Kan, MA Xuedong, WEI Xinping, SONG Caixia, ZHANG Hua, CAI Yunfei, XIA Zhaolin, ZHAO Zhuohui. Individual exposure assessment of fine particulate matters and influencing factors in the elderly in urban area of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(1): 1-9. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.20375

上海市区老年人群细颗粒物个体暴露评估及其影响因素

Individual exposure assessment of fine particulate matters and influencing factors in the elderly in urban area of Shanghai

  • 摘要: 背景

    全球疾病负担研究表明颗粒物对老年人群危害重大,因此基于精准暴露评估发现暴露风险因素并提出保护措施,至关重要。

    目的

    评估上海市区老年人群细颗粒物(PM2.5)个体暴露水平和四季变化特征,与室外监测站进行同步比较,探讨个体暴露的影响因素。

    方法

    本研究采用固定群组重复随访的研究设计,在上海市闵行区古美社区卫生服务中心招募老年志愿者83名,分别在四个季节完成4次随访,每次随访间隔三个月。每次随访研究对象需要完成连续7 d的个体PM2.5暴露测量、个体环境温度和相对湿度测量及活动模式和家居问卷调查,并收集同期国控监测站点(3km以内)的大气颗粒物浓度数据。

    结果

    随访一年中,所有研究对象个体PM2.5暴露的日均值为38.0 μg·m-3,高于同期室外大气监测站点PM2.5的日均值(35.7 μg·m-3P < 0.05)。春、夏、秋三个季节个体暴露高于室外大气监测站,但冬季的个体PM2.5暴露低于室外大气监测站(35.3 μg·m-3 vs. 41.3 μg·m-3)。经线性混合效应模型分析,室外PM2.5浓度、个体环境温度、日均做饭次数与个体PM2.5暴露水平呈正向关联(P < 0.05),而每日居家时间与个体PM2.5暴露水平呈负向相关(P < 0.05)。个体PM2.5暴露在四个季节的上午和下午用餐时间段,均呈现暴露高峰区段。进一步逐小时的多因素回归分析发现,室外大气PM2.5在凌晨到中午12时之间对个体PM2.5暴露的影响最大(室外PM2.5每升高1 μg·m-3,个体PM2.5暴露增加0.6~0.8 μg·m-3),而其他时间段的影响较小(室外PM2.5每升高1μg·m-3,个体PM2.5增加0.4~0.6 μg·m-3)。

    结论

    上海市区老年人群的个体PM2.5暴露水平在春、夏、秋季高于室外大气PM2.5水平。冬季低于室外大气PM2.5水平。室外PM2.5浓度高、个体环境温度高、日均做饭次数多可增加个体PM2.5暴露水平,每日居家时间长可降低个体PM2.5暴露水平。

     

    Abstract: Background

    The global disease burden studies show that particulate matters seriously affect the elderly population. Therefore, it is critical to identify risk factors and propose protective measures accordingly based on accurate exposure risk assessment.

    Objective

    This study assesses the individual exposure levels of fine particulate matters (PM2.5) in the elderly in Shanghai, and explore the potential influencing factors by comparing with concurrent ambient PM2.5.

    Methods

    We implemented a panel study with four repeated follow-ups in four seasons (once in a season with three months of interval) in 2017-2018, respectively. A total of 83 elderly volunteers were recruited in the Gumei Community Health Center Affiliated to Fudan University in Minhang District, Shanghai. In each follow-up, seven consecutive days of measurements on individual PM2.5 exposure, individual ambient temperature, and relative humidity were collected. Information on time activity patterns and household environment was also collected by questionnaire. Outdoor PM2.5 levels were retrieved from the closest fixed-site monitoring station (less than 3 km).

    Results

    The daily average concentration of individual PM2.5 was 38.0 μg·m-3 in the study year, higher than that of ambient PM2.5 (35.7 μg·m-3, P < 0.05) by the fixed-site monitoring station in Shanghai during the same time period. The individual PM2.5 levels were higher than those in ambient air in spring, summer, and autumn, but lower in winter (35.3 μg·m-3 vs. 41.3 μg·m-3). The linear mixed-effect regression model results showed that ambient PM2.5, individual ambient temperature, and home cooking frequency were positively associated with individual PM2.5 exposure level (P < 0.05), while the time spent indoors was inversely associated (P < 0.05). By analyzing the hourly variation, individual PM2.5 showed peak levels during lunch and dinner periods in four seasons. The multiple regression analysis results found that ambient PM2.5 had a higher impact on individual PM2.5 between dawn and noon (an increase of 0.6-0.8 μg·m-3 of individual PM2.5 per 1 μg·m-3 increase of ambient PM2.5), compared with other time periods in a day (an increase of 0.4-0.6 μg·m-3 of individual PM2.5 per 1 μg·m-3 increase of ambient PM2.5).

    Conclusion

    In conclusion, the individual PM2.5 exposure levels have different seasonal variation patterns in comparison with ambient PM2.5 levels in the elderly people in Shanghai. Higher ambient PM2.5, higher individual ambient temperature, more frequent cooking indoors might increase the individual PM2.5 exposure levels, while more time spent indoors might have a decreasing effect.

     

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