Abstract: This paper analyzed the challenges facing allocation of public health resources in rural areas of China, such as not well-funded services, not fully-covered health institutions, shortage of human resources, and structural imbalance in resource allocation. In order to improve the quality of public health services in rural areas and promote the resource-equalization in rural and urban areas, this paper came out with the following countermeasures:formulating policies preferential to influx of resources into rural areas, strengthening government's responsibility in public funding, constructing more and better public health facilities in rural areas, strengthening capacity of public health services in rural areas, adjusting the structure of resource allocation, improving the efficiency of resources utilization by urban-rural integrated management.