不同行业22~35岁女职工生育力状况调查与分析
Survey and analysis on fertility status of female employees aged 22-35 years by industries
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摘要:
背景 随着人口老龄化的加剧，生育力下降问题受到广泛关注。研究发现其影响因素主要包括年龄、生育情况等，然而不同行业生育力状况尚缺乏基础性资料。
目的 了解不同行业22~35岁女职工生育力状况及其影响因素。
方法 采用分阶段抽样原则，于2020年7月—2021年2月选取女职工较集中的教育、医疗、金融、通信等行业22~35岁已婚有怀孕史的22903名女职工进行横断面调查，调查内容包括女职工行业、人口学特征、妊娠史、妊娠等待时间（TTP）及其他影响因素。分别采用卡方检验、Cox比例风险回归分析生育力下降及其影响因素，并在控制影响因素后构建不同行业与生育力下降的Cox比例风险回归模型，比较分析不同行业间差别。
结果 22903名调查对象中，回收有效问卷19194份，总有效率83.8%。22~35岁女职工6个月和12个月的累积妊娠率（CRP）分别为67.23%和91.33%。多因素分析显示，地区、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、家务劳动时间、应对方式、怀孕及生育次数、自然流产次数是生育力下降的影响因素（
P <0.05）。怀孕次数≥3和自然流产次数≥2的女职工生育力下降风险较高，风险比（HR）及其95%置信区间（CI）分别为0.633（0.582~0.688）和0.785（0.670~0.921）（P <0.01）。与教育行业比较，生育力下降风险较高的为医疗和金融行业，HR（95%CI）分别为0.876（0.834~0.920）和0.909（0.866~0.954）（P <0.05）；校正地区、年龄等9个影响因素后，生育力下降风险仍较高，HR（95%CI）分别为0.899（0.852~0.948）和0.882（0.833~0.934）（P <0.05）。结论 地区、年龄、文化程度、个人年收入、家务劳动时间、应对方式、怀孕及生育次数、自然流产次数是生育力下降的影响因素。与教育行业比较，生育力下降风险较高的为医疗和金融行业。
Abstract:Background As the population ages, there has been a growing focus on the decline in fertility. Research has identified age and fertility history as the primary influencing factors. Nevertheless, there is a deficiency in fundamental data regarding the fertility status among different industries.
Objective To investigate the fertility status and influencing factors among female workers aged 22-35 years in different industries.
Methods From July 2020 to February 2021, a cross-sectional survey was conducted using a staged sampling approach. This survey specifically targeted 22-35-year-old married female workers with a history of pregnancy in industries such as education, healthcare, finance, and telecommunications, totaling 22903 participants. The survey encompassed industry, demographic characteristics, pregnancy history, time to pregnancy (TTP), and other influencing factors. The influencing factors of decline in fertility were identified by chi-square test and Cox proportional hazards regression. Subsequent industry-specific Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to compared fertility decline patterns across a spectrum of industries after selected influencing factors were adjusted.
Results Among the 22903 respondents, 19194 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid recovery rate of 83.8%. The cumulative pregnancy rates (CRP) of 1-6 months and 1-12 months for the 22-35-year-old female workers were 67.23% and 91.33% respectively. The multivariate analysis showed that region, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, gravidity, parity, and spontaneous abortion were influencing factors of fertility decline (
P <0.05). Female workers with ≥3 gravidities and ≥2 spontaneous abortions had a higher risk of fertility decline, with hazard ratios (HR) and associated 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of 0.633 (0.582, 0.688) and 0.785 (0.670, 0.921) respectively (P <0.01). Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries showed a higher risk of fertility decline, with HR (95%CI) values of 0.876 (0.834, 0.920) and 0.909 (0.866, 0.954), respectively (P <0.05). These two HR (95%CI) values remained statistically significant 0.899 (0.852, 0.948) and 0.882 (0.833, 0.934) respectively,P <0.05) after further adjustment with nine influencing factors such as region and age.Conclusion Regions, age, education level, personal annual income, housework time, coping style, pregnancy and childbirth times, and natural abortion times are influencing factors of fertility decline in female workers. Compared to the education industry, the healthcare and finance industries have a higher risk of declining fertility.
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