赵秋雯, 戴俊明, 李赞, 于洋, 刘晓曦, 高俊岭, 傅华. 外来员工长工时和轮班作业与睡眠状况的相关性[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(2): 147-152. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21317
引用本文: 赵秋雯, 戴俊明, 李赞, 于洋, 刘晓曦, 高俊岭, 傅华. 外来员工长工时和轮班作业与睡眠状况的相关性[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2022, 39(2): 147-152. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21317
ZHAO Qiuwen, DAI Junming, LI Zan, YU Yang, LIU Xiaoxi, GAO Junling, FU Hua. Correlations of long working hours and shift work with sleep of migrant workers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(2): 147-152. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21317
Citation: ZHAO Qiuwen, DAI Junming, LI Zan, YU Yang, LIU Xiaoxi, GAO Junling, FU Hua. Correlations of long working hours and shift work with sleep of migrant workers[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2022, 39(2): 147-152. DOI: 10.11836/JEOM21317

外来员工长工时和轮班作业与睡眠状况的相关性

Correlations of long working hours and shift work with sleep of migrant workers

  • 摘要: 背景 长工时和轮班作业对职业人群的身心健康危害不容低估。

    目的 了解上海外来员工长工时与轮班作业现状,分析二者对于该人群睡眠状况的影响。

    方法 于2018年7—9月,采用多阶段随机抽样的方法开展横断面调查,纳入上海市6个区7家规模300人以上的工作场所,共招募3215名在职员工,发放自拟统一调查问卷,回收有效问卷2976份,问卷有效率92.6%。问卷内容包括一般人口学特征、个人健康行为方式、工作相关因素、每周工作时间及轮班作业情况、睡眠状况。采用单因素分析、logistic回归分析探讨长工时及轮班作业与睡眠状况间的关联,并运用乘积项评价长工时与轮班作业的交互作用。

    结果 研究对象平均年龄(30.98±9.49)岁,男女比1∶1.20,外来员工2382人(80.0%)。在外来员工中,平均每周工时为(57.23±13.14)h,长工时(每周工作>40 h)者占80.6%(1919/2382),超长工时(每周工作时间>55 h)者占60.3%(1 436 /2 382),轮班作业者占25.4%(600/2366),均高于本地员工(均P<0.001)。外来员工的失眠和睡眠不足流行率分别为46.3%(1091/2356)和25.4%(597/2354)。logistic回归模型显示,校正了性别、年龄、受教育程度、月收入等人口学特征以及职业类型和个人健康行为后,与每周工时≤40 h相比,每周工时55~60 h是外来员工失眠的危险因素(OR=1.33,95%CI:1.02~1.72),而每周工时>60 h同时是外来员工失眠(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.05~1.78)及睡眠不足(OR=1.73,95%CI:1.28~2.35)的危险因素。轮班作业仅与失眠存在关联(OR=1.37,95%CI:1.11~1.69)。此外,每周工时与轮班作业存在交互作用,每周工时>60 h且轮班作业的外来员工出现失眠的风险增加(OR=2.35,95%CI=1.20~4.60)。

    结论 外来员工普遍存在长工时与轮班作业现象,两者对失眠的影响存在交互作用。

     

    Abstract: Background Long working hours (LWH) and shift work are harmful to the physical and mental health of occupational groups.

    Objective To understand the status quo of LWH and shift work of migrant workers in Shanghai, and to analyze the influence of the above two factors on sleep of the population.

    Methods From July to September 2018, a cross-sectional survey using questionnaires was conducted among 3215 in-service employees at seven workplaces with more than 300 employees in six selected districts of Shanghai using multi-stage random sampling method. A total of 2976 valid questionnaires were collected, with a valid response rate of 92.6%. The questionnaires included general demographic characteristics, personal health behavior, work-related factors, weekly working hours, shift work, and sleep. Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to investigate the relationships of LWH and shift work with sleep, and an interaction item was included to evaluate potential interaction between LWH and shift work.

    Result The average age of the subjects was (30.98±9.49) years old, the male to female ratio was 1∶1.20, and 2382 workers were reported without local residency (80.0%). Among the migrant workers, the average weekly working hours was (57.23±13.14) h, the proportions of LWH (weekly working hours>40 h), extra LWH (weekly working hours>55 h), and shift work were 80.6% (1919/2382), 60.3% (1436/2382), and 25.4% (600/2366), respectively, all above were significantly higher than those of local workers. The prevalence rates of insomnia and lack of sleep among the migrant workers were 46.3% (1091/2356) and 25.4% (597/2354), respectively. The results of logistic regression model showed that after adjusting demographic characteristics such as gender, age, education level, and monthly income, as well as occupation and personal health behavior, compared with working hours ≤40 h per week, working 55-60 h per week was a risk factor for insomnia of migrant workers (OR=1.33, 95%CI: 1.02-1.72), while working >60 h per week was a risk factor for both insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.05-1.78) and insufficient sleep (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.28-2.35) of migrant workers. Shift work was only associated with insomnia (OR=1.37, 95%CI: 1.11-1.69). Meanwhile, working hours>60 h per week and shift work had an interaction effect on insomnia of migrant workers (OR=2.35, 95%CI: 1.20-4.60).

    Conclusion LWH and shift work are prominent among migrant workers, and there is an interaction between LWH and shift work with insomnia.

     

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