Abstract: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system degenerative disease induced by multiple factors, which is generally believed to be the result of genetic and environmental interaction. As an environmental high risk factor of AD, aluminum element receives more and more attention. This current paper reviewed the roles of aluminum in the mechanism of inducing AD with regard to the characteristic lesions of AD (such as senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and nerve cell loss), lipid peroxidation, and abnormal transmission of neurotransmitters.