人造矿物纤维绝热棉对作业工人皮肤的刺激作用
Irritation Effects of Man-Made Vitreous Fibre Insulation Wools on Workers' Skin
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摘要:
目的 探讨人造矿物纤维绝热棉不同职业接触特征对作业工人皮肤刺激作用的不同影响结局。 方法 选择职业接触特征呈低纤维计数浓度、高总粉尘质量浓度的岩棉(含矿渣棉)企业的109名作业工人及低纤维计数浓度、低总粉尘质量浓度的玻璃棉企业的119名作业工人分别作为岩棉接触组和玻璃棉接触组,同时选择104名和119名仅接触噪声的作业工人分别作为两个接触组的对照组,进行皮肤检查和问卷调查。 结果 岩棉接触组接触性刺激性皮炎检出率为10.1%,明显高于对照组(0%);与岩棉总粉尘接触水平呈线性趋势关系(P<0.05),检出率随岩棉总粉尘浓度水平的升高而增加;但与接触工龄无关联性(P>0.05)。岩棉接触组皮肤瘙痒症状发生率(54.1%)高于对照组(11.5%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);但与总粉尘浓度接触水平和接触工龄均无关联性(P>0.05)。玻璃棉接触组接触性刺激性皮炎检出率6.7%,明显高于对照组(0%);但与总粉尘接触水平和接触工龄均无关联性(P>0.05)。玻璃棉接触组皮肤瘙痒症状发生率(38.6%),高于对照组(6.7%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);症状发生率随玻璃棉总粉尘浓度接触水平的升高而增加(P<0.05);但与接触工龄无关联性(P>0.05)。 结论 接触人造矿物纤维绝热棉可引起接触性刺激性皮炎和皮肤瘙痒症状,接触总粉尘浓度水平高的岩棉对皮肤损害的效应较接触总粉尘浓度水平低的玻璃棉更为明显。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the irritation effects on workers' skin induced by man-made vitreous fibre insulation wools with different occupational exposure profiles. Methods This study enrolled 109 workers from a rock wool (and slag wool) manufacturing plant with a low number concentration of fibre and a high gravimetric concentration of total dust and 119 workers from a glass wool plant with a low number concentration of fibre and a low gravimetric concentration of total dust as exposure groups, and another 104 and 119 workers only exposed to noise were selected as corresponding control groups. All subjects accepted skin examinations and questionnaire interviews. Results The detection rate of irritant contact dermatitis in the rock wool exposure group was 10.1%, significantly higher than that of the control group (0%) (P<0.05), and showed a linear trend with gravimetric concentration of total dust (P<0.05), but no association with exposure age (P>0.05). The incidence rate of skin itching of the rock wool exposure group (54.1%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (11.5%) (P<0.05), but no association with exposure level of total dust or exposure age was seen (P>0.05). The detection rate of irritant contact dermatitis in the glass wool exposure group was 6.7%, significantly higher than that of the control group (0%) (P<0.05), but no association with exposure level of total dust or exposure age was found (P>0.05). The incidence rate of skin itching of the glass wool exposure group (38.6%) was significantly higher than that of the control group (16.7%) (P<0.05), and showed an association with exposure level of total dust (P<0.05), but not with exposure age (P>0.05). Conclusion Exposure to man-made vitreous fibre insulation wools may induce irritant contact dermatitis and skin itching. Rock wool with a higher concentration of total dust can result in more obvious irritant effects on the skin than glass wool with a lower concentration of total dust does.
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