王超, 龚伟, 杨军, 钱雯, 戴俊明. 地铁职工职业紧张现状及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(4): 305-308. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0071
引用本文: 王超, 龚伟, 杨军, 钱雯, 戴俊明. 地铁职工职业紧张现状及其影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2014, 31(4): 305-308. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0071
WANG Chao , GONG Wei , YANG Jun , QIAN Wen , DAI Jun-ming . Prevalence of Job Stress and Related Influencing Factors among Metro Staff[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(4): 305-308. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0071
Citation: WANG Chao , GONG Wei , YANG Jun , QIAN Wen , DAI Jun-ming . Prevalence of Job Stress and Related Influencing Factors among Metro Staff[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2014, 31(4): 305-308. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2014.0071

地铁职工职业紧张现状及其影响因素

Prevalence of Job Stress and Related Influencing Factors among Metro Staff

  • 摘要: 目的 了解地铁职工职业紧张的现状,探讨其影响因素。

    方法 以工作要求-自主模型为指导开发的职业紧张核心问卷为基础拟定调查问卷。共调查357名地铁职工。用EpiData 软件建立数据库,SPSS 16.0统计软件进行统计分析。

    结果 本次调查发现,有职业紧张者共347人(占97.20%)。方差分析显示:不同性别、学历、岗位、婚姻状况、收入、睡眠状况和生活满意度分组间工作要求得分的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别、睡眠状况间工作自主性得分的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同岗位、睡眠状况和生活满意度的工作要求得分与自主性得分之比值的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素logistic 逐步回归分析表明,主要影响因素为岗位、收入、工龄和失眠状况,其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);岗位、工龄(>5年)和失眠是地铁职工高职业紧张的危险因素。以站务为对照,地铁司机的比值比(OR)为3.53(95% CI:1.77~7.04),地铁调度的OR为3.21(95% CI:1.30~7.92);以工龄0~4年组为对照,工龄5~9年组高职业紧张状况OR为1.93(95% CI:1.01~3.71),工龄(>10年)组OR为2.12(95% CI:1.07~4.19);失眠者的高职业紧张是非失眠者的1.86倍(95% CI:1.11~3.13)。收入是地铁职工职业紧张的保护因素,月收入超过3000元人民币的地铁职工职业紧张状况是月收入低于3000元人民币职工的0.57倍(95% CI:0.31~1.04)。

    结论 地铁职工普遍存在职业紧张,其主要影响因素是岗位、收入、工龄和失眠。需要增加社会支持、提高待遇以缓解职业紧张。

     

    Abstract: Objective To estimate the prevalence of job stress and its influencing factors among the metro staff.

    Methods Metro staff (n=357) were selected and surveyed by a job stress core questionnaire based on a job demand-control model. Database was set up with EpiData 3.0 and analyzed with SPSS 16.0.

    Results A total of 347 workers were job stress positive (97.20%). The results of ANOVA analysis showed that there were significant differences in job demand scores among workers categorized by gender, educational background, job position, marital status, income, sleep quality, and life satisfaction (P<0.05); there were significant differences in job control scores among workers categorized by gender and sleep quality (P<0.05); and there were significant differences in the ratio of job demand/job control among workers categorized by job position, sleep quality, and life satisfaction. The results of multivariate logistic analysis indicated that the main influencing factors were job position, income, working years, and insomnia (P<0.05). Job position, over 5 working years, and insomnia were the risk factors for high job stress in metro workers: the OR was 3.53 (95% CI: 1.77-7.04) for metro drivers, and the OR was 3.21 (95% CI: 1.30-7.92) for dispatchers, compared with the metro ground service attendants; the OR was 1.93 (95% CI: 1.01-3.71) for 5-9 working years, and the OR was 2.12 (95% CI: 1.07-4.19) for over 10 working years with staff having 0-4 working years as baseline. The high job stress among the insomniac workers was 1.86 times (95% CI: 1.11-3.13) higher than those without insomnia. Income was a protective factor of high job stress; the high job stress among workers with income over 3 000 RMB Yuan was 0.57 times (95% CI: 0.31-1.04) of those below 3 000 RMB Yuan.

    Conclusion Metro staff generally have job stress. The main influencing factors are job position, income, working years, and insomnia. It is important to increase social support and welfare to relieve their job stress.

     

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