上海市黄浦区理发业从业人员手部皮炎的患病情况及相关因素分析
Hand Dermatitis Prevalence and Related Potential Impact Factors in Hairdressers in Huangpu District of Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 初步了解上海市黄浦区理发业从业人员手部皮炎的患病情况,讨论可能的相关因素,为进一步的研究提供数据基础。 方法 通过随机整群抽样,在上海市黄浦区抽取113 家理发店进行问卷调查。将理发业从业人员的工种分为4 类,即专职从事洗发(工种1),专职从事染、烫发(工种2),既从事洗发又从事染、烫发(工种3),从事洗发和染、烫发以外的其他工种主要为剪发和(或)吹发,工种4。问卷内容包括人口学信息、手部皮炎相关的临床症状、可能的暴露及相关的保护措施等内容。由经过统一培训的调查员对研究对象进行面对面的问卷调查。数据录入后,先经单因素卡方检验分析不同因素对理发业从业人员手部皮炎的影响,再进行多因素logistic 回归分析,找出可能与理发业从业人员手部皮炎发生相关的因素。 结果 最后共得到578 份有效问卷。37.7%的研究对象(218 人)曾患过手部皮炎,在这些患过手部皮炎的理发业从业人员中,90.4%为慢性手部皮炎,9.6%为急性。单因素分析结果显示,不同年龄、不同工龄、有无采取手套防护间理发业从业人员手部皮炎的患病率差异无统计学意义。多因素分析结果显示,与工种4 相比,工种1、工种2、工种3 的OR值分别为5.28(95% CI:2.72~10.25)、2.44(95% CI:1.20~4.95)和5.56(95% CI:3.12~9.90);与报告无过敏史的理发业从业人员相比,报告有过敏史者发生手部皮炎的可能性增大,OR值为3.06(95% CI:1.98~4.72);同时,未发现工作过程中佩戴手套、涂抹护手霜等防护措施对理发业从业人员手部皮炎的发生有统计学意义上的影响。 结论 从事洗发,染、烫发工种可能增加理发业从业人员手部皮炎的患病可能。有过敏史的理发业从业人员可能更容易患手部接触性皮炎。 Abstract:Objective To estimate hand dermatitis prevalence in hairdressers in Huangpu District of Shanghai, and to subsequently explore potential impact factors associated with the occurrence of hand dermatitis. Conclusion Through random cluster sampling, the hairdressers employed in 113 barber shops were recruited in Huangpu District of Shanghai. Considering various risk factors related with hand dermatitis and work task assignments, the jobs of the participants were separated into 4 categories: hair washing only (Job I); hair dyeing and perm (Job II); hair washing, hair dyeing, and perm (Job III); and neither of the above-mentioned tasks (mainly haircutting and/or hair blowing, Job IV). A questionnaire containing demographic information, hand dermatitis related clinical manifestations, possible exposures, and relevant protective measures were developed. The participants were face-to-face interviewed by trained investigators using the questionnaire. Data were entered into an Excel database and subsequently analyzed using univariate chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression. Results A total of 578 valid questionnaires were collected, in which 37.7% of the study subjects (218) reported they experienced hand dermatitis. Among those hairdressers with hand dermatitis, 90.4% suffered from chronic hand dermatitis, and 9.6% experienced acute hand dermatitis. No statistically significant differences were observed in age, length of service, and gloves protection between the investigated hairdressers with or without hand dermatitis. Compared with the Job IV group, the odds ratio of Job I, Job II, and Job III group were 5.28 (95% CI: 2.72-10.25), 2.44 (95% CI: 1.20-4.95), and 5.56 (95% CI: 3.12-9.90), respectively, according to the results of multivariate logistic regression analysis. When compared with the participants without allergic history, those reported allergic history displayed an elevated possibility of having hand dermatitis with an OR of 3.06 (95% CI: 1.98-4.72). However, no statistically significant evidences were identified in the effectiveness of the prevention measures, such as wearing gloves or using hand cream during the work. Conclusion Engaged in hair washing and hair dyeing/perm in barber shops is positively associated with the increased prevalence of hand dermatitis in hairdressers in Shanghai. Hairdressers with allergic history tend to contract hand dermatitis.
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