苯作业工人外周血白细胞下降及其影响因素
Decreased Peripheral Leukocytes and Related Risk Factors among Benzene Exposure Workers
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摘要:
目的 探讨苯作业工人外周血白细胞(WBC)变化及其影响因素。 方法 对1 172 名研究对象进行血常规检查和问卷调查,采用趋势χ2 检验或Fisher 确切概率法进行构成比及率的比较,采用单因素方差分析和有序多分类logistic 逐步回归分析,探讨苯作业工人白细胞减少的危险因素。 结果 随着苯接触浓度及工龄增加,工人白细胞异常率升高(P<0.01),工人白细胞波动率及降低率升高(P<0.01);不同苯接触浓度、性别、工龄、吸烟及饮酒情况工人白细胞计数有差异(P<0.05);进入有序多分类logistic 逐步回归模型的因素有苯接触水平、年龄、工龄、吸烟、工作场所存在其他化学毒物及居住环境周围存在严重污染设施(P<0.05)。 结论 白细胞计数是苯作业工人较敏感的造血系统毒性效应指标,苯接触浓度增加、工龄延长、年龄≥ 45 岁、工作场所空气中存在甲醛等化学毒物及居住环境存在严重污染项目可增加苯作业工人白细胞计数减少的危险性,吸烟使白细胞计数升高。 Abstract:Objective To examine the changes of peripheral hemogram in benzene exposure workers and to explore related risk factors. Methods The blood routine examination and interview with constructed questionnaire of 1 172 respondents were acquired, constituent ratio and rate were compared by trend chi-square and Fisher's exact test, and potential risk factors of leukopenia were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and stepwise logistic regression with ordinal variables. Results With the increase of benzene exposure concentration and seniority, the white blood cells (WBC) abnormal rate went up (P<0.01), and the WBC volatility and reduction rate also went up (P<0.01). The WBC counts were varied by exposure concentration, gender, seniority, age, smoking, and drinking habit (P<0.05). Benzene exposure concentration, age, seniority, smoking habit, other chemicals in the workplace, and projects with severe pollution in residential environment entered the logistic equation with statistical significance (P<0.05). Conclusion WBC count is a sensitive hematotoxicity index. Increased benzene exposure concentration, extended seniority, age ≥45 years, chemicals such as formaldehyde presented in the workplace, and projects with severe pollution in residential environment could increase the risk of WBC count reduction, and smoking could elevate WBC count.
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