不同装修类型居室空气中甲醛的污染现状
Pollution Situation of Formaldehyde in Indoor Air after Different Types of Decoration
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摘要:
目的 了解不同装修类型的居室空气中甲醛的污染现状及其衰减情况。 方法 根据装修时所使用人造板材数量和类型分3 组:低装修类型组、高装修类型组和家具装填组(在低装修类型的基础上,采用装填各类人造板材家具),每组12 户;另设1 组同期未使用人造板材和外购家具入户的12 户为对照组。对不同装修类型居室空气中的甲醛污染情况进行为期7 个月的监测,首次监测在装修完工后1 个月,以后每个月监测1 次。按照GB/T 16129-1995《居住区大气中甲醛卫生检验标准方法 分光光度法》测定甲醛浓度。 结果 低、高装修类型组甲醛浓度分别为(0.084& #177;0.040)mg/m3 和(0.19& #177;0.28)mg/m3(P<0.01);家具装填组甲醛浓度(0.49& #177;0.56)mg/m3 高于低、高装修类型组(均P<0.05)。3 个不同装修类型组与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为3.12,6.67,8.93,均P<0.05)。装修213 天后,低、高装修类型组及家具装填组的空气甲醛浓度分别为(0.012& #177;0.028),(0.083& #177;0.041)和(0.087& #177;0.30)mg/m3,与对照组比较,低装修类型组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),高装修类型组和家具装填组均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。 结论 人造板材用量和家具的装填可影响居室装修后甲醛的污染水平,经7 个月后高装修组和家具装填组室内空气中甲醛仍处于较高水平。 Abstract:Objective To understand the pollution and attenuation trend over time of formaldehyde in residential houses with different types of decoration. Methods Three groups of residential houses were divided by the count and type of woodbased plane (WBP) used: low decoration, high decoration, and furniture (WBP furniture were used besides low decoration) groups. Each group contained 12 households. Another 12 households without using any WBP or purchased furniture were set as the control group. Monitoring formaldehyde in indoor air of selected rooms with different types of decoration lasted for seven months. The first monitoring was conducted in one month after the decoration, and thereafter once a month. Determination of formaldehyde concentration was performed according to Standard method for hygienic examination of formaldehyde in air of residential areas-Spectrophotometric method (GB/T 16129-1995). Results The concentrations of formaldehyde in the low and the high decoration groups were (0.084& #177;0.040) mg/m3 and (0.19& #177;0.28) mg/m3 (P<0.01), respectively, and that of the furniture group was (0.49& #177;0.56) mg/m3 which was significantly higher than that of the low and high decoration groups (Fs=5.15, 6.39, Ps<0.01). There was also a statistical difference between the three groups mentioned above and the control group (Fs=3.12, 6.67, 8.93, respectively, all Ps<0.05). After seven months, there was no statistical difference in the formaldehyde concentrations between the low decoration group (0.012& #177;0.028) mg/m3 and the control group (F=2.62, P > 0.05), but higher formaldehyde concentrations were found in the high decoration group (0.083& #177;0.041) mg/m3 and the furniture group (0.087& #177;0.30) mg/m3 when compared to the control group (F=7.25 and 7.22, P<0.05). Conclusion The use of WBP and furniture may affect the pollution level of indoor formaldehyde. After seven months, the concentrations of indoor formaldehyde for the high decoration group and the furniture group are still at a high level.
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