山东某地区产妇及新生儿脐血血清矿物质水平及孕期饮食对其影响
Levels and Dietary Factors of Minerals in Maternal and Cord Serum in an Area of Shandong Province
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摘要:
目的 通过检测山东省潍坊市某医院普通产妇血清、新生儿脐血血清中钙、镁、锌、铜和铁元素含量,了解该地区产妇及胎儿体内各元素的水平,并分析母亲孕期饮食对上述血清元素水平的影响。 方法 以2011年9月-2012年4月在山东省潍坊市某医院入院生产的产妇作为调查对象。共采集205对母血和新生儿脐血,检测血清钙、镁、锌、铜、铁元素水平;采用食物频率表收集母亲孕期的饮食信息(包括蔬菜、水果、肉类、水产品、乳制品、豆制品等的摄入情况)。采用Spearman秩相关分析血清中各个元素之间的相关性,多元logistic回归分析母脐血清中矿物质与母亲妊娠期饮食之间的相关性。 结果 产妇血清中钙、镁、锌、铜、铁元素含量的中位数分别为76.52、18.97、0.62、1.99、1.43 mg/L,钙、铜元素含量低于普通人群水平;新生儿脐血血清中上述各元素含量的中位数分别为95.30、22.48、1.04、0.35、4.93 mg/L,仅铜元素含量低于普通人群水平。Spearman秩相关分析显示,产妇血清与脐血血清中钙(r=0.151,P=0.031)和铜(r=0.200,P=0.040)的含量呈正相关。logistic回归分析结果显示,孕期蔬菜、鸡蛋、豆制品摄入分别是产妇血清锌、镁、铁含量的保护因素OR(95%CI):4.571(1.305~16.005)、11.450(1.054~124.118)、2.903(1.122~7.510);孕期蔬菜摄入是脐血血清锌含量的保护因素OR(95%CI):4.046(1.141~14.343)。孕期乳制品的摄入是产妇、脐血血清锌含量的危险因素OR(95%CI):0.281(0.084~0.944)、0.142(0.021~0.952);而孕期蔬菜摄入是产妇血清中镁、脐血血清中铜含量的危险因素OR(95%CI):0.242(0.069~0.848)、0.236(0.063~0.880)。 结论 产妇血清钙、镁、锌、铜和铁含量与孕期饮食习惯有关,可通过改善孕期饮食情况来增加对各种元素的摄入。 Abstract:Objective To examine the levels of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) in maternal and cord serum in a hospital in Weifang of Shandong Province, and assess their relationships with dietary factors in pregnancy. Methods A total of 205 mother-infant pairs admitted to a Weifang hospital of Shandong Province for institutional delivery were recruited during September 2011 and April 2012. We measured the Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe levels in samples of maternal-cord serum pairs. We also surveyed pregnant women by semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire regarding vegetables, fruits, meat, and aquatic, dairy, and bean products. Spearman's rank correlation method was used to test the correlation among serum mineral variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine possible associations between serum minerals with food frequencies during pregnancy. Results The median levels of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe in maternal (cord) serum were 76.52 (95.30), 18.97 (22.48), 0.62 (1.04), 1.99 (0.35), and 1.43 (4.93) mg/L, respectively. The maternal serum levels of Ca and Cu were lower than those of the general population, whereas the cord serum Cu level was lower than that of the general population. The levels of Ca (r=0.151, P=0.031) and Cu (r=0.200, P=0.040) in maternal serum were positively correlated to those in cord serum by Spearman's rank correlation analysis. According to the results of logistic regression model, intakes of vegetables, eggs, bean products during pregnancy were protective factors for maternal serum Zn, Mg, and Fe concentrations respectivelyOR(95%CI)=4.571 (1.305-16.005), 11.450 (1.054-124.118), 2.903 (1.122-7.510); intake of vegetables during pregnancy was a protective factor for cord serum Zn concentrationOR(95%CI)=4.046 (1.141-14.343); intake of dairy products was a risk factor for maternal and corm serum concentrations of ZnOR(95%CI)=0.281 (0.084-0.944), 0.14 (0.021-0.952); intake of vegetables was a risk factor for maternal and corm serum concentrations of CuOR(95%CI)=0.242 (0.069-0.848), 0.236 (0.063-0.880). Conclusion The maternal serum levels of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe are associated with food frequencies during pregnancy. Pregnancy women should improve diet to increase intakes of various elements.
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