某小型化工企业工作场所健康促进效果评价
Effect Evaluation on Workplace Health Promotion in a Small Chemical Enterprise
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摘要:
目的 评价某小型化工企业工作场所健康促进(WHP)的效果。 方法 2010-2014 年对某小型化工企业实施工作环境改善、培训教育和健康服务等适合公司管理模式的WHP 干预措施,干预前后分别对202、130 名工人进行调查,评价干预前后企业职业卫生管理、员工知识和生活方式的变化。 结果 干预前调查收集有效问卷195 份(96.5%),干预后调查收集有效问卷130 份(100.0%)。干预4 年后,工作场所职业病危害因素检测合格率达到100.0%,职业健康查体率达到100.0%,且连续4 年未发现职业病或职业禁忌症人员,工人对现有劳动条件满意率达到100.0%。99.2%的工人了解或清楚职业病防治法规条例,96.2%的工人知道职业病概念,100.0%的工人认为职业病可以预防;近1 年请病假率为6.2%,低于干预前的17.9%(P<0.05)。锻炼身体、饮食清淡的工人分别由干预前的88.7%、31.8%提高到96.2%、69.2%(P<0.05);饮食口味偏咸的工人由干预前的13.3%下降到3.8%(P<0.05)。对慢性非传染性疾病防治、膳食平衡等相关服务和健康知识的需求由干预前的65.6%、54.9%提高到76.2%、66.9%(P<0.05)。 结论 WHP 可以改善该小型化工企业作业条件,改变工人不健康生活方式,控制健康危险因素,降低伤病。 Abstract:Objective To evaluate the intervention effects of a workplace health promotion (WHP) program in a smallscale chemical enterprise. Methods A WHP intervention program tailored to the enterprise management mode including ameliorating working environment, training and education, and health services was implemented in a small chemical enterprise in 2010-2014. Respectively 202 employees before the intervention and 130 employees after the intervention were investigated. Levels of occupational health management of the enterprise, as well as changes in knowledge and lifestyle of the staff, were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results A total of 195 (96.5%) valid questionnaires were collected before the intervention, while 130 (100.0%) valid questionnaires after the intervention were returned. After four years of intervention, the qualified rates of occupational hazard monitoring in workplace, staff occupational health examination, and job satisfaction all reached 100.0%, and no occupational disease or contraindication was reported in the four consecutive years. Moreover, 99.2% of the workers knew or knew well about the law and regulations on prevention and control of occupational diseases, 96.2% knew the concept of occupational diseases, 100.0% believed that occupational disease are preventable; sick leave rate in the past year was 6.2%, lower than 17.9% before the intervention (P<0.05). The proportions of workers reported exercise and having a light diet increased from 88.7% and 31.8% before the intervention to 96.2% and 69.2% after the intervention respectively (P<0.05); the proportion of workers favoring salty tastes decreased from 13.3% before the intervention to 3.8% after the intervention (P<0.05). As to the needs for such relevant services and health knowledge as chronic non-communicable disease prevention and balanced diet increased to 76.2% and 66.9% (P<0.05) from 65.6% and 54.9% before the intervention. Conclusion WHP could improve the working conditions of the small chemical enterprise, change unhealthy lifestyles, control health risk factors, and reduce injuries and diseases.
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