工作场所欺凌:商务企业与卫生事业单位员工的比较
Workplace Bullying: Comparison between Staff of Commercial Enterprises and Health Service Institutes
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摘要:
目的 了解商务企业与卫生事业单位员工工作场所欺凌的现况,并比较二者差异。 方法 选择上海某区2 座商务楼企业员工847 人及社区卫生服务中心员工146 人进行问卷调查。问卷内容包括基本信息、工作特征及工作场所欺凌情况等。工作场所欺凌采用自我标签法和行为测量法测量:前一方法在给出定义的基础上,测量受试者近6个月遭受工作场所欺凌的主观认知;后一方法运用负性行为问卷-修订版问卷(NAQ-R)测量受试者近6 个月内遭受负性行为的频率。 结果 两类人群分别回收有效问卷397 份(46.87%)、89 份(60.96%)。NAQ-R在本调查中的Cronbach'α系数分别为0.978、0.965;NAQ-R总分与自我标签法得分的相关系数为0.494(P<0.001)。自我标签法测得两类人群工作场所欺凌率分别为23.0%、14.6%;NAQ-R测得工作场所欺凌率分别为13.1%、5.6%。商务企业单位工作场所欺凌率高于卫生事业单位(P<0.001)。 结论 商务企业员工的工作场所欺凌问题较卫生事业单位严重。 Abstract:Objective To assess and compare the prevalence of workplace bullying among staff of commercial enterprises and health service institutes. Methods A total of 847 employees in two commercial buildings and 146 employees at one community health service center were invited to a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire contained general demographic information, job characteristics, and workplace bullying. Workplace bullying was assessed by self-labeling method (participants were given a single-item question that whether or not they had been bullied within recent 6 months) and by behavioral experience method using Negative Acts Questionnaire-Revised (NAQ-R) (participants were asked to report how frequently they had been exposed to various behaviors listed in the inventory within recent 6 months). Results Totally 397 (46.87%) and 89 (60.96%) valid copies of questionnaires were retrieved from the two populations respectively. The Cronbach's alpha coefficients of NAQ-R were 0.978 and 0.965 respectively. The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the total NAQ-R score and the self-labeling score was r=0.494 (P<0.001). Regarding workplace bullying, 23.0% and 14.6% of the employees reported being exposed to bullying in the commercial buildings and the community health service center respectively. According to the NAQ-R, however, the prevalence of bullying in the commercial buildings (13.1%) was higher than that in the health service center (5.6%) (P<0.001). Conclusion More serious workplace bullying problems are found in the commercial enterprises than in the health service institutes.
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