农民工职业安全健康服务的供给现状:基于某大型有色金属国有企业的调查
Supply of Migrant Workers' Occupational Safety and Health Services: Based on Survey of a Large State-Owned Nonferrous Metal Enterprise
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摘要:
目的 为提升和改进农民工的职业安全健康服务水平，从劳动保护、风险控制和安全监管三方面调查农民工职业安全健康的供给现状。
方法 选择某有色金属国有企业生产一线的员工为调查对象，使用自编“员工职业健康管理调查问卷”，收集职业安全健康服务和管理的基本数据，并抽取不同类别员工进行访谈，通过对农民工与正式员工进行比较的方法形成相应的研究结果。
结果 企业对职业安全健康供给总体上是重视的，但具体企业的重视程度不同导致相应的供给存在差异。相对于正式员工，企业为农民工群体提供的劳动保护明显不足。风险控制方面，与正式员工相比，农民工在安全认知和安全意识等方面存在不足。
结论 农民工职业安全健康服务相关条件的供给状况与正式员工相比明显不足，并因企业重视程度不同而存在差异；未来的突破是促使企业增强对农民工的职业安全与健康的重视程度，同时要进一步加强农民工的职业安全健康教育。
Abstract:Objective To promote and improve the service level of migrant workers' occupational safety and health through investigating the supply conditions of their occupational safety and health from three aspects including labor protection, risk control, and safety supervision.
Methods This investigation selected the front-line workers of a state-owned nonferrous metal enterprise as respondents. Using a self-designed workers' occupational health management questionnaire, the basic data of relevant occupational safety and health services and management were obtained. The workers of different categories were also invited for interviews. Comparisons of migrant workers and formal employees were made to achieve investigation results.
Results The enterprise attached importance to occupational safety and health in general, but the variations in the degree of attention led to the differences in corresponding supply. Compared with the formal employees, the labor protection provided to the migrant workers were obviously insufficient. As to risk control, compared with the formal employees, the migrant workers presented lacks of security cognition and safety awareness.
Conclusion It is obviously insufficient between the migrant workers and the formal employees concerning the supply conditions of occupational safety and health services, and the levels of importance attached are different. Therefore, the future breakthrough is encouraging enterprises to enhance emphasis on migrant workers' occupational safety and health as well as relevant education.
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