表面活性剂对尸体标本保存液中甲醛挥发量的影响
Effect of Surfactants on Formaldehyde Volatility in Specimen Preservatives
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摘要:
目的 探索表面活性剂对尸体标本保存液中甲醛挥发量的影响。
方法 将传统尸体标本保存液（甲醛质量分数为10%）置入数个500 mL烧杯内（每杯100 mL），实验1组：向烧杯内滴加0.01 mL十八烷基二甲基氯化铵乙醇溶液（质量浓度为100 mg/m3）；实验2组：滴加0.01 mL二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物（质量浓度为100 mg/m3）；未滴加者作为对照组。每组选取3个样本放入恒温箱内，调节温度为10℃、20℃、30℃和40℃，各温度点静置2 h。将相同数量的样本置于20℃恒温箱中，调节相对湿度为40%、60%、80%，各湿度点静置2 h。常温环境下，将样本置于不同风速的通风厨内，各风速环境中静置2 h。在各观察点测定静置后溶液中甲醛浓度，测算甲醛挥发量。
结果 对照组甲醛挥发量随着环境温度升高、湿度降低和风速加大而呈上升趋势；实验1组和实验2组甲醛挥发量显著低于对照组（
P < 0.05）；实验2组挥发量低于实验1组（P < 0.05）。结论 十八烷基二甲基氯化铵乙醇溶液、二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物均能有效抑制标本保存液中甲醛的挥发，二甲基硅油-乙烯基硅油混和物抑制挥发效果更稳定。
Abstract:Objective To examine the effect of surfactant on formaldehyde volatility in specimen preservatives.
Methods Specimen preservatives(100 mL)(formaldehyde concentration, 10%) were poured into several 500 mL beakers. Then 0.01 mL octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ethanol solution(100 mg/m3) and 0.01 mL dimethyl silicone oil-vinyl silicone oil mixture(100 mg/m3) were added respectively to establish experiment group 1 and experiment group 2. A control group was also established. Three samples of each group were put into thermotanks at temperatures of 10℃, 20℃, 30℃, and 40℃ for 2 h respectively. Another three samples of each group were put into thermotanks at temperature of 20 ℃ and humidity of 40%, 60%, and 80% for 2 h respectively. Samples were put into the draught cupboards yielding different wind speeds for 2 h. The volatile volume of formaldehyde was calculated through measuring formaldehyde concentrations of the post-treatment samples after designed standing time.
Results In the control group, arising formaldehyde volatile volume was along with increasing temperature and wind speed as well as decreasing humidity. The volatile volumes of the experiment groups 1 and 2 were significantly lower than that of the control group(
P < 0.05), and the volume of the experiment group 2 was lower than that of the experiment group 1(P < 0.05).Conclusion Both octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride ethanol solution and dimethyl silicone oil-vinyl silicone oil mixture can effectively restrain formaldehyde volatilization, and the latter is better.
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