李艳慧, 何卫红, 谭建, 肖友立, 蔡练功, 刘江辉, 胡双球, 张雪艳, 王忠旭, 彭仁和. 硬质合金生产企业粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(3): 255-258. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16495
引用本文: 李艳慧, 何卫红, 谭建, 肖友立, 蔡练功, 刘江辉, 胡双球, 张雪艳, 王忠旭, 彭仁和. 硬质合金生产企业粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2017, 34(3): 255-258. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16495
LI Yan-hui, HE Wei-hong, TAN Jian, XIAO You-li, CAI Lian-gong, LIU Jiang-hui, HU Shuang-qiu, ZHANG Xue-yan, WANG Zhong-xu, PENG Ren-he. Effects of dust exposure on lung function of workers in cemented carbide production enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(3): 255-258. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16495
Citation: LI Yan-hui, HE Wei-hong, TAN Jian, XIAO You-li, CAI Lian-gong, LIU Jiang-hui, HU Shuang-qiu, ZHANG Xue-yan, WANG Zhong-xu, PENG Ren-he. Effects of dust exposure on lung function of workers in cemented carbide production enterprises[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2017, 34(3): 255-258. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2017.16495

硬质合金生产企业粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响

Effects of dust exposure on lung function of workers in cemented carbide production enterprises

  • 摘要: 目的 探讨硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人肺功能的影响,为制定硬质合金生产作业工人职业健康监护技术规范提供科学依据。

    方法 对湖南省3家硬质合金生产企业272名碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘接触工人(接尘组)及同企业非粉尘作业工人168名工人(对照组)进行个人问卷调查、肺功能测定及职业卫生现场调查。

    结果 3家企业碳化钨、碳化钴粉尘8 h时间加权平均浓度超标率为6.3%(8/127)。接尘组咳嗽、咳痰、胸闷、气急及呼吸困难报告率分别为13.24%、12.50%、12.50%、9.19%及8.82%,明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。接尘组用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、呼气流速峰值(PEF)、用力呼气25%时的瞬间流速(FEF25)四项指标的实测值/预计值百分比分别为(98.69±11.72)%、(93.39±12.22)%、(92.59±17.19)%、(90.22±21.98)%,明显低于对照组分别为(105.35±11.59)%、(99.15±11.28)%、(99.49±17.83)%和(96.45±19.24)%,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.01);粉尘浓度超标岗位与非超标岗位工人肺功能测定指标差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

    结论 硬质合金生产粉尘对作业工人呼吸系统损伤明显,作业工人肺通气功能及部分小气道通气功能下降。

     

    Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effects of cemented carbide dust exposure on pulmonary function of workers and to provide a scientific basis for making related occupational health technical specifications.

    Methods In three cemented carbide production enterprises of Hunan Province, 272 tungsten carbide and cobalt carbide dust exposed workers (dust exposure group) and 168 control workers (control group) were recruited to conduct a survey including questionnaire, lung function test, and occupational health field investigation.

    Results The disqualified rate of 8-hour time weighted average concentration of tungsten carbide and cobalt carbide was 6.3% (8/127). The report rates of cough, sputum, chest tightness, short of breath, and breathing difficulties in the dust exposure group were 13.24%, 12.50%, 12.50%, 9.19%, and 8.82%, respectively, significantly higher than those in the control group (P < 0.05). The dust exposure group's forced vital capacity (FVC), first second forced expiratory volume (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), measured value/expected value of forced expiratory flow 25% (FEF25) were (98.69±11.72)%, (93.39±12.22)%, (92.59±17.19)%, and (90.22±21.98)%, respectively, significantly lower than the corresponding values of the control group(105.35±11.59)%, (99.15±11.28)%, (99.49±17.83)%, and (96.45±19.24)%, respectively (P < 0.01). The workers at work stations with either excessive or qualified dust concentrations showed no difference in lung function indices (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion Cemented carbide production dust exposure could induce obvious damage to workers' respiratory system such as reduced lung ventilation function and small airway ventilation function.

     

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