上海市237名新生儿胎粪中邻苯二甲酸酯累积暴露的健康风险评估
Assessment on cumulative health risk of phthalic acid esters in meconium of 237 Shanghai newborns
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市新生儿接触邻苯二甲酸酯（PAEs）的暴露水平，并开展累积暴露的健康风险评估。
方法 对2013年7月-2014年7月于同济大学附属上海市第一妇幼保健院分娩的237名新生儿进行横断面观察，采用液相色谱串联质谱法（LC-MS/MS）检测胎粪中10种PAEs代谢物邻苯二甲酸单甲酯（MMP）、邻苯二甲酸单乙酯（MEP）、邻苯二甲酸单正丁酯（MnBP）、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯（MiBP）、邻苯二甲酸单苄基酯（MBzP）、邻苯二甲酸单（2-乙基己基）酯（MEHP）、单（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）、单（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MECPP）、单（2-乙基-5-羟基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）、单（2-羧基己基）邻苯二甲酸酯（MCMHP）的含量（质量分数，后同）；并用胎粪中PAEs代谢物含量推算出6种PAEs邻苯二甲酸二甲酯（DMP）、邻苯二甲酸二乙酯（DEP）、邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯（DnBP）、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯（DiBP）和邻苯二甲酸丁基苄酯（BBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）的每日估计暴露量（EDI）；用危害指数（HI）法评估PAEs累积暴露的健康风险。
结果 新生儿胎粪中10种PAEs代谢物含量相对较高的为MEHP（65.00 ng/g）、MiBP（27.30 ng/g）和MnBP（27.90 ng/g），其检出率均超过90%。6种PAEs中，DiBP的EDI中位数为22.88 μg/kg（以体重计），远高于DEP、DnBP、DMP、DEHP和BBP（中位数分别为3.45、2.96、1.90、1.19和0.41μg/kg）。237名新生儿中，HI ≥ 1者有5名（2.11%），均为女婴。
结论 上海市237名新生儿中，有2.11% HI ≥ 1，提示新生儿PAEs暴露的健康风险值得关注。
Abstract:Objective To describe the exposure levels of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in newborns in Shanghai and assess the cumulative health risk due to the exposure.
Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in 237 newborns delivered in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital of Tongji University form July 2013 to July 2014. Ten kinds of phthalate metabolitesmonomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethylphthalate (MEP), mono-n-butylphthalate (MnBP), monoisobutylphthalate (MiBP), mono-benzylphthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexylphthalate (MEHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-oxohexyphthalate (MEOHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexylphthalate (MEHHP), mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentylphthalate (MECPP), and mono-2-carboxymethyl-hexyl phthalate (MCMHP) in meconium samples were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Estimated daily intakes (EDI) of six kinds of PAEsdimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), diisobutyl phthalate (DiBP), di-n-butyl phthalate (DnBP), butyl-benzyl phthalate (BBP), and di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) were calculated through the mass fractions of phthalate metabolites. The cumulative health risks of PAEs were assessed using hazard index (HI) approach.
Results MEHP, MiBP, and MnBP were three highest phthalate metabolites detected in the meconium samples in terms of both detection rates (all > 90%) and mass fractions (65.00, 27.30, and 27.90 ng/g, respectively). The median of EDI of DiBP (22.88 μg/kg body weight) was higher than those of DEP, DnBP, DMP, DEHP, and BBP, with medians of 3.45, 2.96, 1.90, 1.19, and 0.41 μg/kg body weight, respectively. There were 2.11% of the participants (n=5) with HI ≥ 1.
Conclusion There are 2.11% of the selected newborns with HI ≥ 1, indicating the PAEs exposure in Shanghai newborns may pose a health risk to them.
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