上海市幼儿家庭居民病态建筑综合征与住宅室内装修的相关性
Associations of sick building syndromes with residential indoor decoration in families with children in Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 分析上海地区幼儿家庭居民病态建筑综合征症状报告率与住宅室内装修及装修材料的关系，为提高居民生活质量和室内污染管控提供基础资料。
方法 利用2011-2012年在上海市5个行政区开展的"中国室内健康与儿童健康研究"中对幼儿家庭的标准化自填式问卷调查，得到问卷填写者（幼儿家长）的个人信息、病态建筑综合征的症状和住宅特性；采用卡方检验和多元logistic回归模型比较症状报告率的差异和发生风险。
结果 获得有效问卷12190份。83.2%的调查对象在问卷前三个月曾出现疲劳等一般性症状；69.4%报告曾出现咳嗽等黏膜性症状；38.7%曾出现面部干燥红晕等皮肤性症状。使用不同地板装饰材料和墙面材料的调查对象的三类症状报告率均存在明显差异（均P < 0.05）。与使用其他材料相比，使用复合木地板作为地板材料或使用乳胶漆作为墙面材料的家庭中三类症状报告率均为最高。调整性别、年龄和吸烟行为等潜在混杂因素后，以水泥地板和石灰墙面分别作为参考，发现使用复合木地板（OR及其95%CI，后同：1.83，1.24~2.72）、实木地板（1.52，1.14~2.02）和聚氯乙烯地板（2.08，1.06~4.10）以及乳胶漆墙面（1.46，1.16~1.83）和油漆墙面（1.55，1.18~2.04）的调查对象的一般性症状发生风险较高。与未装修相比，在母亲生育1年以后住宅添置新家具或装修的调查对象的三类症状发生风险均明显较高（均P < 0.05），三类症状的AOR及95%CI分别为添置新家具：150（1.28~1.75）、1.38（1.23~1.56）、1.41（1.26~1.58）；住宅装修：1.42（1.16~1.75）、1.32（1.13~1.55）、1.24（1.07~1.43）。
结论 使用复合木地板、聚氯乙烯地板和乳胶漆等新型建材及在母亲生育1年后住宅装修或添置新家具可能是居民病态建筑综合征的影响因素。
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the associations of the reporting rates of sick building syndromes (SBS) with residential indoor decoration activities and decoration materials, and to provide basic information for improvement of quality of life and control of indoor pollution.
Methods Parents' general information, SBS symptoms, and residential building features were collected with uniformed selfcompleted questionnaires of China, Children, Homes, Health (CCHH) study which was conducted in five districts of Shanghai from 2011 to 2012. Chi-squared test and multiple logistic regression models were applied to analyze differences of reporting rates and odds ratios of SBS.
Results According to the 12 190 valid questionnaires collected, 83.2% of the subjects reported general symptoms (such as fatigue), 69.4% appeared mucosal symptoms (such as cough), 38.7% had skin symptoms (such as dry or flushed facial skin) three months before the questionnaire survey. The reporting rates of three categories of SBS symptoms among residents who used different floor materials and wall materials were significantly different (all Ps < 0.001). Compared with other materials, the families who used lam in ate wood floor or emulsion paint had higher reporting rates of the above three categories of symptoms. After adjusting potential confounders such as gender, age, and smoking, the risks (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval) of reporting general symptoms were higher for subjects who used laminate wood floor (1.83, 1.24-2.72), hardwood floor (1.52, 1.14-2.02), and polyvinyl chloride floor (2.08, 1.06-4.10) as well as emulsion paint wall (1.46, 1.16-1.83) and paint wall (1.55, 1.18-2.04) than those who used cement floor and lime wall, respectively. The risks of the above three categories of SBS symptoms among residents who bought new furniture or decorated one year after their children's birth were notably higher than those who did not (all Ps < 0.05), and the adjusted ORs (95%CI) of general symptoms, mucosal symptoms, and skin symptoms were 150(1.28-1.75), 1.38(1.23-1.56), and 1.41(1.26-1.58) for buying new furniture, and 1.42(1.16-1.75), 1.32(1.13-1.55), and 1.24(1.07-1.43) for indoor decoration, respectively.
Conclusion Using laminate wood floor, polyvinyl chloride floor, and emulsion paint as well as household renovation or buying new furniture one year after maternal delivery are risk factors for SBS among Shanghai residents.
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