上海地铁环境中鼠害状况及其相关因素
Rat infestation and relevant factors in Shanghai subway environment
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摘要:
目的 了解上海市地铁车站环境中的鼠类侵害状况，初步探讨与鼠害有关的相关因素。
方法 2013年上海市运营的地铁线路共有12条，根据地铁线路的运营时限，将12条线路划分为4个等级（<5年、5~年、10~年、15~年），10年及以上的地铁线路数量少，故全部选取，其他等级均按照至少50%的比例随机抽取，共抽取8条线路。分别应用目测鼠征法、拖食法以及D2E鼠情智能监测系统于2013年对抽取的8条地铁线路及站点进行鼠害调查，采用问卷调查以及现场调查相结合的方法，收集地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站有无商铺以及有害生物防治公司资质等信息。利用卡方检验比较地铁车站不同调查楼层以及不同功能区域鼠害状况的差异，利用直线相关分析法研究鼠害与地铁运行年限、客流量、地铁车站商铺比例的相关性。
结果 在所有调查线路中，2号线鼠害最严重，鼠征阳性率为12.9%，拖食率为20.0%；地铁车站不同调查楼层之间鼠害的差异有统计学意义（P<0.01），地下三层鼠征阳性率为71.4%，鼠害最严重；地铁车站不同功能区域间鼠害的差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01），其中涉水设备用房为鼠害最重的场所；地铁环境内鼠24 h活动高峰为上午8点到10点。地铁运行年限（r=0.82，P=0.01）、客流量（r=0.99，P=0.01）、地铁车站商铺比例（r=0.81，P=0.03）以及有害生物防治服务机构资质（χ2=5.61，P<0.05）可能是造成地铁鼠害的主要因素。
结论 鼠害已成为上海地铁环境中的重要公共卫生问题，应采取长期、系统、连续的监测与控制措施。
Abstract:Objective To evaluate rat infestation status in Shanghai subway environment, and to explore possible factors related to rat in festation.
Methods According to the Shanghai subway operation time, 12 commercial lines were divided into 4 grades ( < 5 years, 5-years, 10-years, and 15-years), and 8 lines were sampled with at least 50% proportion for those grade less than 10 years operation time and all for those with ≥ 10 years due to small sample size. The rat infestation of selected lines and stations were investigated by rat trace method, food-pulling method, and D2E rat infestation surveillance system in 2013. Information on subway operation time, passenger volume, subway shops, and certification of pest control agencies was collected by designed questionnaire and field in vestigation. The difference of rat infestation among different floors and different functional areas was verified by chi-square test. The correlations of rat infestation with operation time, passenger volume, and proportion of subway shops were evaluated by linear correlation analysis.
Results Rat infestation was most serious in Line 2, and the positive rate of rat trace and the food-pull rate were 12.9% and 20.0%, respectively. Rat infestation levels were significantly different among different floors at the same station (P < 0.01) with the positive rate of rat trace being 71.4% for lower ground floor 3. Rat infestation levels were also different among different functional areas (P < 0.01); specifically, rat infestation was the most serious in water relevant equipment rooms. Rat activity peak appeared from 8 am to 10 am in subway environment. Operation time (r=0.82, P=0.01), passenger volume (r=0.99, P=0.01), subway shop proportion (r=0.81, P=0.03), and pest control certification (χ2=5.61, P < 0.05) were risk factors for rat infestation in subway environment.
Conclusion Rat infestation becomes an important public health problem in Shanghai subway environment, and it is necessary to adapt long-time, continuous, and systematical surveillance and control measures.
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