海上石油作业平台员工职业生命质量及影响因素
Quality of work life and its influencing factors among offshore oil platform workers
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摘要:
目的 了解海上石油作业平台员工职业生命质量现状并探讨其主要影响因素，为提高这一特殊职业人群职业生命质量提供理论依据。
方法 2014年4月-2015年10月，在预调查后随机整群抽取中国海洋石油某分公司8个海上石油作业平台员工（n=382）作为本次研究的调查对象。调查问卷包括自制的人口学特征调查问卷、职业生命质量量表（QWL7-32）、职业紧张简化量表（OSI-RS）、职业倦怠量表（MBI-GS）、失眠调查问卷（AIS-5）。
结果 最终有324名员工纳入本次研究。7.4%的员工职业生命质量较低（职业生命质量总分≤ 95分）。个体特征（包括年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、月收入、吸烟状况、工龄、工种类型）对职业生命质量没有影响；不同职业紧张、职业倦怠和失眠状况的员工的职业生命质量差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。结构方程模型分析显示，职业紧张对职业生命质量影响最大，其次是失眠、职业倦怠，总效应值分别为-0.305、-0.290和-0.175。
结论 该公司海上石油作业平台员工的职业生命质量较好。职业紧张、失眠和职业倦怠为降低其职业生命质量的危险因素。
Abstract:Objective To evaluate the quality of work life (QWL) and its influencing factors among offshore oil platform workers, and to provide a theoretical basis for improving QWL of the special occupational population.
Methods Using cluster random sampling method, we chose 382 employees from eight work platforms of a branch company of China National Offshore Oil Corporation as study subjects after a pilot survey. Questionnaires included a self-designed demographic questionnaire, Quality of Work Life Scale (QWL7-32), Occupational Stress Inventory Revised Edition (OSI-RS), Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), and Athens Insomnia Scale-5 (AIS-5).
Results A total of 324 workers were recruited in the study, and 7.8% of them showed low QWL with a total QWL score ≤ 95. The selected individual characteristics including age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, smoking, seniority, and work type did not impact the QWL score. The workers' QWL varied by levels of occupational stress, insomnia, and job burnout (P < 0.05). The results of structural equation model analysis demonstrated that occupational stress had the largest effect on QWL (total effect value, -0.305), followed by insomnia (-0.290) and job burnout (-0.175).
Conclusion The offshore oil platform workers show good QWL in general. Occupational stress, insomnia, and job burnout are risk factors of QWL in this occupational group.
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