上海市黄浦区和济南市老年人膳食营养状况比较
Comparison on dietary and nutritional status of senior residents in Huangpu District of Shanghai and Jinan
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摘要:
目的 调查和比较上海市黄浦区和济南市两地老年人的膳食摄入情况及营养状况，以进一步采取干预措施，提高老年人营养水平。
方法 采用分层随机抽样的方法，抽取上海市黄浦区（n=404）、济南市（n=546）共950名60岁及以上老年人，进行体格测量、生化指标检测及简化食物频率问卷调查，比较老年人营养状况及膳食摄入情况。
结果 上海市黄浦区所调查老年人群的肥胖率为4.2%，血压异常率为36.4%，血糖异常率为26.0%，血脂异常率为41.3%；济南市所调查老年人群的肥胖率为9.5%，血压异常率为62.1%，血糖异常率为32.8%，血脂异常率为52.7%，四项指标均高于上海市黄浦区老年人（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。简化食物频率问卷调查结果显示，济南市老年人每日消费的谷类（235.9 g vs 216.7 g）、杂粮（35.2 g vs 19.6 g）、蛋类（48.5 g vs 35.8 g）、坚果（18.1 g vs 11.5 g）、食用油（36.2 g vs 30.8 g）、盐（8.3 g vs 5.6 g）高于上海市黄浦区老年人，水果（94.8 g vs 123.4 g）、畜禽类（41.8 g vs 79.6 g）、水产品（11.9 g vs 62.2 g）、牛奶（85.7 g vs 154.7 g）、大豆类食物（19.0 g vs 23.3 g）消费低于上海市黄浦区老年人（P < 0.05或P < 0.01）。两地老年人群均有膳食纤维、维生素A、维生素B1、钙摄入不足，男性锌摄入不足，济南市老年人维生素B2摄入不足。
结论 本次调查的上海市黄浦区和济南市老年人承受肥胖、血压异常、血糖异常等问题的困扰，且存在膳食营养素摄入不平衡的问题。
Abstract:Objective To investigate and compare the dietary intake and nutritional status of senior residents in Huangpu District of Shanghai and Jinan, and to provide information to take further intervention measures to improve the nutrition level of the group.
Methods A total of 950 senior residents aged 60 years and over were sampled from Shanghai Huangpu District (n=404) and Jinan (n=546). Physical examination, blood biochemical assay, and simplified food frequency questionnaire survey were conducted to investigate and compare the dietary intake and nutritional status of the seniors.
Results The obesity rate, dysarteriotony rate, dysglycemia rate, and dyslipidemia rate of the selected senior residents in Shanghai Huangpu District were 4.2%, 36.4%, 26.0%, and 41.3%, respectively; the indicators of the senior residents in Jinan were 9.5%, 62.1%, 32.8%, and 52.7%, respectively, significantly higher than those of the seniors in Shanghai Huangpu District (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). The results of food frequency survey showed that the daily consumptions of cereals (235.9 g vs 216.7 g), grains (35.2 g vs 19.6 g), eggs (48.5 g vs 35.8 g), nuts (18.1 g vs 11.5 g), edible oil (36.2 g vs 30.8 g), and salt (8.3 g vs 5.6 g) were higher in the seniors in Jinan than those in Shanghai Huangpu District, while the daily consumptions of fruits (94.8g vs 123.4g), livestock (41.8g vs 79.6g), aquatic products (11.9g vs 62.2g), milk (85.7g vs 154.7g), and soy food (19.0 g vs 23.3 g) were lower in the seniors in Jinan than those in Shanghai Huangpu District (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). In addition, insufficient intakes of dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin B1, and calcium in the seniors in both areas, insufficient zinc intake in men, and insufficient intake of vitamin B2 in the seniors in Jinan were observed.
Conclusion A proportion of the selected senior residents suffer from obesity, dysarteriotony, and dysglycemia. Dietary imbalance in this group is also a great concern.
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