火车司机听力问题现况:瑞典Hasson听力量表的应
Hearing problems of locomotive drivers:Application of Swedish Hasson's listening scale
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摘要:
目的 首次将瑞典Hasson听力量表应用于中国火车司机职业人群，探索其适用性，分析该人群听力问题现状及其影响因素。
方法 昆明铁路局机务段昆明、广通、开远3个地区在岗火车司机2 557人参加问卷调查，将其中本岗位工龄3年以上、排除其他原因听力下降和致聋者作为有效研究对象，共计2 045名。应用瑞典Hasson等开发的听力量表和自制问卷进行调查。于2014年7-9月完成调查。人口学资料采用描述性统计，采用logistic回归分析探索听力问题可能的影响因素。
结果 本次研究对象2 045人，均为男性，年龄（39.85±6.79）岁，工龄（18.00±11.00）年，电力机车司机占61.96%。量表测量结果显示，火车司机听力问题率69.6%，听力耗损率45.5%，耳鸣率63.4%，耳鸣困扰率49.7%，持续耳鸣率57.9%。logistic回归分析结果显示：换岗位数、司机工种、教育程度是火车司机听力问题的主要影响因素。不换岗位者、电力机车司机、教育程度越低者更容易有听力问题。量表信度和效度较高，克朗巴赫系数为0.803。
结论 Hasson等开发的听力量表在中国火车司机职业人群首次应用，得到了较高的信度和效度，适用性较好，查找到一些影响因素。本量表简明扼要，易于操作，在听力问题大样本人群普查、初筛时有一定优势。火车司机听力问题不容乐观，应当引起重视。
Abstract:Objective To apply the Swedish Hasson's hearing scale to locomotive drivers in China for the first time, explore its applicability, and identify hearing problems and influencing factors.
Methods A total of 2 557 locomotive drivers of Kunming, Guangtong, and Kaiyuan locomotive depots in Kunming Railway Bureau were asked to complete the Swedish Hasson's hearing scale and a self-administered questionnaire from July to September in 2014. Only 2 045 drivers with a working age greater than 3 years and without hearing loss and deafness by non-occupational causes were recruited in this study. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze demographic characteristics and possible influencing factors of hearing problems.
Results All the 2045 participants were male. The average age was (39.85±6.79) years, the average working age was (18.00±11.00) years, and electric locomotive drivers accounted for 61.96%. The rate of hearing problems was 69.6%, the rate of communication difficulty (hearing loss) was 45.5%, the rate of tinnitus was 63.4%, the rate of tinnitus distress was 49.7%, and the rate of continuous tinnitus was 57.9%. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the number of post changed, educational level, and lo comotive driver type were the main factors of hearing problems affecting the drivers. Those who did not change their posts, electric lo comotive drivers, and those with lower educational levels were more likely to have hearing problems. The reliability and validity of the scale were high, with a Cronbach's α coefficient of 0.803.
Conclusion Hasson's hearing scale is first applied to locomotive drivers of China with a high reliability and validity. Several in fluencing factors are found. This simple and easy scale is advantaged in large population screening and initial screening for hearing problems. The hearing problems of selected locomotive drivers call for more attention.
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