叶中辉, 王巨威, 姚月丽, 常晓茹, 王栋, 马海涛, 刘飒, 王俊玲. 2013—2017年兰州市居民大气污染暴露分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(10): 873-878. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18263
引用本文: 叶中辉, 王巨威, 姚月丽, 常晓茹, 王栋, 马海涛, 刘飒, 王俊玲. 2013—2017年兰州市居民大气污染暴露分析[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2018, 35(10): 873-878. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18263
YE Zhong-hui, WANG Ju-wei, YAO Yue-li, CHANG Xiao-ru, WANG Dong, MA Hai-tao, LIU Sa, WANG Jun-ling. Exposure analysis of air pollution in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(10): 873-878. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18263
Citation: YE Zhong-hui, WANG Ju-wei, YAO Yue-li, CHANG Xiao-ru, WANG Dong, MA Hai-tao, LIU Sa, WANG Jun-ling. Exposure analysis of air pollution in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2018, 35(10): 873-878. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2018.18263

2013—2017年兰州市居民大气污染暴露分析

Exposure analysis of air pollution in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017

  • 摘要: 目的 分析2013—2017年兰州市居民大气污染暴露特征,了解“煤改气”工程实施后兰州市居民大气污染暴露情况。

    方法 收集兰州市2013—2017年主要空气污染物(PM10、PM2.5、SO2、NO2、CO、O3)日监测数据,结合人口分布资料,计算兰州市居民大气污染物人口加权暴露浓度(PWEL),采用Daniel趋势检验计算污染物暴露变化趋势系数(rs),再利用环境空气质量指数(AQI)、空气质量综合指数(Isum)和环境污染物暴露分担比(Pi)对居民大气污染暴露情况进行定性和定量评价。

    结果 2013—2017年兰州市居民PM10日均暴露浓度达标率最低,为84.2%;PM2.5次之,为89.2%;其余达标率均在95%以上。与2013年相比,2017年PM2.5暴露下降35.0%,PM10下降21.6%,SO2下降9.2%;而NO2增长27.0%,CO增长25.0%,O3增长132.3%。2013—2017年各年度PM2.5/PM10值介于0.40~0.48间;而NO2/SO2值介于1.44~2.35间,2014年起呈迅速增长趋势。2013—2017年兰州市空气质量优良率呈增长趋势,2017年优良率比2013年上升21.4%,且居民污染暴露主要集中于冬春季。2013—2017年Isum中位数为2.79,各年度Isum中位数分别为2.68、2.74、2.87、2.83、2.73。各污染物的暴露分担比Pi取值:PM2.5集中于0.125~0.375,PM10集中于0.1~0.4,气态污染物集中于0.3~0.7。随着时间变化,颗粒物的暴露负荷分担比呈现下降趋势,而气态污染物则呈现上升趋势。

    结论 “煤改气”工程的实施积极促进了兰州市居民大气颗粒物暴露的改善(尤其是PM2.5),但颗粒物(特别是PM10)仍然是兰州市居民的主要暴露因素,且近年来居民气态污染物的暴露负荷呈增长趋势(尤其是O3)。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate the exposure characteristics of air pollutants in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017, and study the exposure level of air pollution after the implementation of the "Coal to Gas" project.

    Methods The daily monitoring data of main air pollutants (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2, CO, and O3) in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017 were collected, and combined with population distribution data, population-weighted exposure level (PWEL) was calculated. The exposure trend coefficient (rs) was calculated by Daniel trend test. Then ambient air quality index (AQI), composite index (Isum), and environmental pollutant exposure share rate (Pi) were used to assess ambient air pollution exposure qualitatively and quantitatively.

    Results PM10 was ranked bottom in the qualified rate of daily concentration (84.2%) from 2013 to 2017, followed by PM2.5 (89.2%), while others were all above 95%. Compared with 2013, the concentrations of PM2.5, PM10, and SO2 in 2017 decreased by 35.0%, 21.6%, and 9.2%, respectively, while the concentrations of NO2, CO, and O3 in 2017 increased by 27.0%, 25.0%, and 132.3% respectively. The annual ratios of PM2.5/PM10 were between 0.40 and 0.48; while the annual ratios of NO2/SO2 were between 1.44 and 2.35, and showing a sharp increase since 2014. From 2013 to 2017, the days with AQI < 100 showed an increasing trend; in comparison with 2013, the days in 2017 increased by 21.4%, and high exposure levels were mainly concentrated in seasons of winter and spring. The Isum for each selected year was 2.68, 2.74, 2.87, 2.83, 2.73, respectively, with a median for 2013-2017 of 2.79. The Pis of PM2.5, PM10, and gaseous pollutants were in the ranges of 0.125-0.375, 0.1-0.4, and 0.3-0.7, respectively. The share of the exposure load of particulate matters showed a downward trend, while that of gaseous pollutants showed an upward trend.

    Conclusion The implementation of "Coal to Gas" project has lowered the exposure to particulate matters (especially PM2.5) in Lanzhou. However, particulate matter (especially PM10) is still the main air pollution exposure in Lanzhou, and the exposure load of gaseous pollutants (especially O3) shows an increasing trend in recent years.

     

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