徐晓莉, 何丹丹, 温晓飒, 陈迪迪, 臧嘉捷, 汤红梅. 上海市闵行区居民不同季节膳食营养素摄入特点[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(5): 459-464. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18380
引用本文: 徐晓莉, 何丹丹, 温晓飒, 陈迪迪, 臧嘉捷, 汤红梅. 上海市闵行区居民不同季节膳食营养素摄入特点[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(5): 459-464. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18380
XU Xiao-li, HE Dan-dan, WEN Xiao-sa, CHEN Di-di, ZANG Jia-jie, TANG Hongmei. Dietary nutrient intake characteristics in different seasons of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(5): 459-464. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18380
Citation: XU Xiao-li, HE Dan-dan, WEN Xiao-sa, CHEN Di-di, ZANG Jia-jie, TANG Hongmei. Dietary nutrient intake characteristics in different seasons of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(5): 459-464. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18380

上海市闵行区居民不同季节膳食营养素摄入特点

Dietary nutrient intake characteristics in different seasons of residents in Minhang District of Shanghai

  • 摘要: 背景 营养是人类维持生命、生长发育和健康的重要物质基础,《中国食物与营养发展纲要(2014-2020年)》提出的营养素摄入量目标为保持适量的维生素和矿物质摄入量。据调查,上海市居民膳食结构不平衡,微量营养素摄入存在季节特征。

    目的 了解上海市闵行区成年居民膳食中部分营养素摄入状况及在不同季节的分布特征。

    方法 采用多阶段分层随机法进行抽样,抽取上海市闵行区年龄≥ 18周岁的常住人口322人,于2012年春、秋季和2013年夏、冬季采用连续"3天24小时膳食回顾法"记录食物摄入量,并调查一般情况。分别计算四季及全年每人日膳食中能量、宏量营养素、微量元素和维生素的摄入量,结果以每标准人日摄入量进行表述;并具相应的平均需要量、推荐摄入量、可耐受最高摄入量进行评价。

    结果 四个季节均参与膳食回顾调查的对象为281名,合计1 124人次。全年每标准人日能量摄入为8 402.68 kJ,蛋白质78.98 g,脂肪85.87 g,碳水化合物233.04 g。其中有29.4%的成年居民锌元素摄入量低于平均需要量,四季摄入不足率为26.7%~31.0%;有51.5%的成年居民硒元素摄入量低于平均需要量,且春季硒摄入不足率(63.3%)明显高于其他季节(44.8%~49.5%)。闵行区成年居民维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C在不同季节的摄入不足率均超过40%。维生素A、维生素C摄入不足率春季明显高于其他季节,维生素B1摄入不足率冬、春季高于夏、秋季(均P < 0.05),维生素B2四季摄入状况差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。

    结论 不同季节闵行区成年居民存在部分膳食微量元素以及多种维生素摄入不足的问题,春季尤为严重。

     

    Abstract: Background Nutrition is an important material basis for human beings to maintain life, growth, and health. China Food and Nutrition Development Programme (2014-2020) issued by the General Office of the State Council mentions that the goal of nutrient intake is to maintain a proper amount of vitamin and mineral intake. Previous studies have shown unbalanced dietary pattern and seasonal distribution of micronutrient intake in Shanghai residents.

    Objective This study aims to ascertain the intakes of selected nutrients in the diet of adult residents in Minhang District of Shanghai and their seasonal distribution characteristics.

    Methods A stratified multistage random sampling was conducted to select 322 residents aged 18 years and above in Minhang District of Shanghai. A 3-day 24-hour dietary recall survey was conducted in the spring and autumn of 2012 and the summer and winter of 2013 to record food consumption and collect general information of the participants. The seasonal and annual intakes of energy, macronutrients, micronutrients, and vitamins were calculated in per standard personday, and evaluated by corresponding estimated average requirements, recommended nutrition intakes, and tolerable upper intake levels.

    Results The number of subjects who participated in the dietary recall survey in all four seasons was 281, totaling 1 124 person-times, with energy intake of 8 402.68 kJ, protein 78.98 g, fat 85.87 g, and carbohydrate 233.04 g per standard person-day for the whole year. The zinc intake for 29.4% of the adult residents was lower than estimated average requirement, and the zinc deficiency rate ranged from 26.7% to 31.0% in four seasons. The selenium intake for 51.5% of the adult residents was lower than estimated average requirement, and the selenium deficiency rate in spring (63.3%) was obviously higher than those in other seasons (44.8%-49.5%). The deficiency rates of vitamin A, B1, B2, and C among the adult residents in Minhang District were all over 40% in different seasons. The deficiency rates of vitamin A and C were both higher in spring than in other seasons (P < 0.05); the deficiency rates of vitamin B1 were higher in winter and spring than in summer and autumn (P < 0.05); no seasonal difference was found for vitamin B2 (P > 0.05).

    Conclusion Insufficient intakes of several dietary trace elements and vitamins are identified in the adult residents in Minhang District in different seasons, especially in spring.

     

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