郭毅炜, 申琪, 管芳圆, 郭雨柔, 吴奕女, 王文祥. 稻谷胚芽对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(2): 99-105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18424
引用本文: 郭毅炜, 申琪, 管芳圆, 郭雨柔, 吴奕女, 王文祥. 稻谷胚芽对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(2): 99-105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18424
GUO Yi-wei, SHEN Qi, GUAN Fangyuan, GUO Yu-rou, WU Yi-nü, WANG Wen-xiang. Rice germ improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(2): 99-105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18424
Citation: GUO Yi-wei, SHEN Qi, GUAN Fangyuan, GUO Yu-rou, WU Yi-nü, WANG Wen-xiang. Rice germ improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(2): 99-105. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18424

稻谷胚芽对糖尿病大鼠糖代谢紊乱的改善作用

Rice germ improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats

  • 摘要: 目的 研究发现,必需氨基酸和不饱和脂肪酸能够改善糖代谢,而稻谷胚芽中富含上述物质。本研究拟探讨稻谷胚芽对糖尿病模型大鼠糖代谢的影响。

    方法 将100只雄性SD大鼠按体重随机分为10只正常对照组和90只模型组。模型组给予高糖高脂饮食并且大鼠腹腔注射35 mg/kg链脲佐菌素建立Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠模型。将55只建模成功的糖尿病模型大鼠分成五组:模型组、药物对照组以及低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组,其中低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组大鼠分别予以添加了2.5%、10%和40%(均为质量分数)的稻谷胚芽饲料喂养12周,其余各组均给予基础饲料;药物对照组另每日灌胃500 mg/kg盐酸二甲双胍。实验结束后,测定空腹血糖和空腹胰岛素水平,计算胰岛素敏感指数。观察胰岛B细胞的超微结构。测定肝脏组织中的葡萄糖激酶与脂肪组织中的葡萄糖转运蛋白4和脂联素的mRNA水平。

    结果 稻谷胚芽中的必需氨基酸含量高于精制大米(白米),尤其是赖氨酸(7 200±88)mg/kg vs(2 530±33)mg/kg,P < 0.05等;其脂肪酸含量也高于白米,达30~43倍。与模型组相比,低、中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组的空腹血糖分别为(2 493.7±473.0)、(1 935.1±318.0)、(1 583.8±345.9)mg/L、空腹胰岛素分别为(4.08±0.19)、(3.53±0.16)、(3.29±0.21)mU/L均降低,胰岛素敏感指数分别为(-6.93±0.29)、(-6.53±0.25)、(-6.26±0.23)升高,胰腺组织损伤程度减轻,胰岛数目增加,胰岛B细胞超微结构损伤减轻。中、高剂量稻谷胚芽组葡萄糖激酶和脂联素的mRNA表达水平均上调(P < 0.05),高剂量稻谷胚芽组的葡萄糖转运蛋白4 mRNA表达也上调(P < 0.05)。

    结论 稻谷胚芽改善Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠糖代谢的机制可能与其肝脏组织中葡萄糖激酶和脂肪组织中脂联素、葡萄糖转运蛋白4的mRNA表达上调有关。以上结果表明稻谷胚芽也许是Ⅱ型糖尿病的潜在治疗剂。

     

    Abstract: Objective Essential amino acids and unsaturated fatty acids, rich in rice germ (RG), have been shown to improve glucose metabolism. This study aims to investigate the effects of RG on glucose metabolism in a rat model of diabetes mellitus (DM).

    Methods Male SD rats (n=100) were randomly divided into a normal control group (n=10) and a DM model group (n=90). After high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet and intraperitoneal injection of 35 mg/kg streptozotocin, a diabetic rat model was established. Fifty-five DM model rats were further divided into five groups:model group, drug control group, and low-, medium-, and highdose RG groups. Three RG groups were fed with 2.5%, 10%, and 40% (w/w) RG respectively for 12 weeks, and the remaining groups were given basal diet; the drug control group was additionally given 500mg/kg metformin hydrochloride. After the designed treatment, fasting blood glucose (FBG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were measured, and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) was calculated. The ultrastructure of islet B cells was observed. The mRNA expressions of glucose kinase (GCK) in liver and glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and adiponectin (APN) in fat were detected.

    Results The levels of essential amino acids in RG were higher than those in milled rice (white rice), especially lysine(7 200±88) mg/kg vs (2 530±33) mg/kg, P < 0.05, so were fat acids, 30-43 times as much as those in white rice. Compared with the model group, the low-, medium-, and high-dose RG groups showed lower FBG(2 493.7±473.0), (1 935.1±318.0), and (1 583.8±345.9) mg/L and FINS(4.08±0.19), (3.53±0.16), and (3.29±0.21) mU/L levels, and higher ISI(-6.93±0.29), (-6.53±0.25), and (-6.26±0.23), as well as relieved injury of pancreatic tissues, increased number of pancreatic islets, and alleviated injury of islet B cell ultrastructure. The mRNA expressions of GLUT-4 and GCK increased in the medium-and high-dose RG groups (P < 0.05); the APN mRNA expression increased in the high-dose RG group (P < 0.05).

    Conclusion The mechanism by which RG improves glucose metabolism in diabetic rats may relate to the up-regulation APN and GLUT-4 mRNA expressions in adipose tissues and GCK mRNA expression in liver tissues. These findings suggest that RG is a potential therapeutic agent for DM.

     

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