全氟辛酸免疫毒性研究进展
Research progress on immunotoxicities induced by perfluorooctanoic acid
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摘要:
全氟辛酸（PFOA）是一种新型的持久性有机污染物，具有难降解性、生物蓄积性强及远距离环境迁移性等特点，近年来受到研究者的高度关注。PFOA会对机体的免疫系统产生毒性作用，结合近年来国内外关于PFOA免疫毒性的研究进展，本文主要综述了PFOA对小鼠、斑马鱼、猴等动物免疫器官的影响，对以自然杀伤细胞为代表的非特异性免疫功能的影响、对以体液免疫和细胞免疫为代表的特异性免疫功能的影响和以白介素家族为代表的免疫因子的影响，以及PFOA与溃疡性结肠炎、儿童哮喘及婴儿期免疫相关疾病等之间的关系，并进一步对PFOA可能引起的线粒体凋亡和干扰TNFα/NF-κB通路等免疫毒性作用机制进行总结。目前由于种属差异及研究资料的不确定性，PFOA免疫毒性表现相对复杂，因此系统深入地探究PFOA免疫毒性及其相关分子机制是未来研究方向之一；另外，模拟并研究真实环境中PFOA的长期慢性暴露水平，对于揭示PFOA对人类的真实风险更具有实际意义。
Abstract: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new type of persistent organic pollutant, and has been highly concerned by researchers in recent years due to its features such as degradationresistance, high bioaccumulation, and long-distance environmental migration. PFOA can produce toxic effects on the immune system. This paper reviewed the studied immune toxicities at home and abroad of PFOA to mice, zebrafish, and monkeys, including the nonspecific immune function of natural killer cells, specific immune function of humoral immunity and cellular immunity, and immune factors of interleukin family, and the relationships of PFOA with ulcerative colitis, childhood asthma, and infant immune related diseases. Furthermore, the possible mechanisms of mitochondrial apoptosis and TNFα/NF-κB pathway were summarized. The complex immune toxicities of PFOA due to species difference and the uncertainty of research data grant further research to systematically understand its immune toxicities and related molecular mechanisms; besides, it is of more practical significance in revealing the risk of PFOA to human beings by simulating and studying the long-term and chronic human exposure level in real life.
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