葛华, 孙雪梅, 刘继文. 新疆某铜镍矿矿工职业紧张状况及其对生命质量的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(6): 559-563. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18609
引用本文: 葛华, 孙雪梅, 刘继文. 新疆某铜镍矿矿工职业紧张状况及其对生命质量的影响[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(6): 559-563. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18609
GE Hua, SUN Xue-mei, LIU Ji-wen. Impact of occupational stress on quality of life in miners of a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(6): 559-563. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18609
Citation: GE Hua, SUN Xue-mei, LIU Ji-wen. Impact of occupational stress on quality of life in miners of a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2019, 36(6): 559-563. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2019.18609

新疆某铜镍矿矿工职业紧张状况及其对生命质量的影响

Impact of occupational stress on quality of life in miners of a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang

  • 摘要: 背景 职业人群中普遍存在着职业紧张。长期非适度的职业紧张可使劳动者出现一系列的身心疾病,使其生命质量降低。矿工属特殊职业群体,其生命质量的高低与矿产业的安全生产有着重要关系。

    目的 本研究通过对新疆某铜镍矿矿工进行问卷调查,了解其职业紧张水平现状,探讨职业紧张水平与生命质量的关系。

    方法 2016年6月-2017年9月期间按照铜镍矿主要生产工艺分层(采矿单元、选矿单元、冶炼单元),采用分层整群抽样,对该铜镍矿人力资源部门提供的全部在册且在岗1年以上的矿工进行一般情况、付出-回报失衡(ERI)问卷、SF-36健康调查量表自填式问卷调查。以ERI>1者为存在职业紧张。采用t/F检验、χ2检验、多重线性回归进行统计分析。

    结果 此次调查共发放问卷1 350份,回收有效问卷1 254份,问卷有效率为92.89%;男性铜镍矿矿工1 116人(占89.0%),女性138人(占11.0%),平均年龄(33.02±9.52)岁,有40.43%的矿工处于职业紧张状态,不同性别、年龄、文化程度、月收入、作业单元间矿工职业紧张检出率差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。多重线性回归分析显示,性别、文化程度、月收入、工种、ERI综合影响矿工的生命质量(F=42.878,P < 0.01,R2=0.194)。其中,男性的生命质量高于女性(b=-20.354,95% CI=-39.353~-1.355),月收入越高的矿工生命质量越好(b=0.010,95% CI=0.004~0.017),文化程度越高、职业紧张水平越高的矿工生命质量越低(b=-9.950,95% CI=-17.117~-2.784;b=-198.320,95% CI=-225.801~-170.839)。

    结论 铜镍矿矿工普遍存在职业紧张,职业紧张是降低其生命质量的重要危险因素。

     

    Abstract: Background Occupational stress is common in occupational groups. Long-term exposure to excessive occupational stress can lead to a series of physical and mental disorders and reduce the life quality of workers. Miners are a special occupational group, and their quality of life is closely linked to industrial safety.

    Objective In this study, workers of a copper-nickel mine in Xinjiang are surveyed by questionnaires to understand the levels of occupational stress and to explore the relationship between occupational stress and quality of life.

    Methods By using stratified cluster sampling, copper-nickle miners, who were registered to the human resource department of the industry with more than one year of service to current job, were selected from three main production sectors (mining, ore dressing, and smelting) from June 2016 to September 2017, and asked to complete questionnaires of general information, the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI), and the Mos 36-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36). Rank sum test, chi-square test, and multiple linear regression were used for statistical analysis.

    Results A total of 1 350 questionnaires were sent out and 1 254 valid questionnaires were returned (92.89%). There were 1 116 male (89.0%) and 138 female (11.0%) copper-nickel miners, with an average age of (33.02±9.52) years. The percentage of the miners suffering from occupational stress was 40.43%, and there were statistically significant differences in the percentage among miners of different gender, age, education, monthly income, and operating unit groups (P < 0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that gender, educational level, monthly income, type of work, and ERI had a comprehensive impact on the quality of life of the miners (F=42.878, P < 0.01, R2=0.194). Specifically, the quality of life of men was higher than that of women (b=-20.354, 95% CI=-39.353--1.355), higher monthly income was associated with better quality of life of the miners (b=0.010, 95% CI=0.004-0.017), and higher education level and occupational stress were associated with lower quality of life of the miners (b=-9.950, 95% CI=-17.117--2.784; b=-198.320, 95% CI=-225.801--170.839).

    Conclusion Copper-nickel miners generally experience occupational stress, and occupational stress is a risk factor for reduced quality of life in this worker group.

     

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