我国空气质量较差的10个城市2005-2017年大气颗粒物水平、影响因素及化学组分
Levels, influencing factors, and chemical constituents of atmospheric particulates in 10 cities with poor air quality in China in 2005-2017
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摘要:
本文就石家庄、邯郸、邢台、保定、唐山、太原、西安、衡水、郑州和济南市这10个空气质量较差的城市，从大气颗粒物水平、影响因素和化学组分3个方面对2005-2017年大气颗粒物的研究进展作简要概述。尽管这10个城市大气颗粒物污染情况总体比过去几年有所改善，但空气污染形势依旧严峻。大气颗粒物水平的影响因素包括常住人口数量、颗粒物来源、城市地理位置及气象气候条件。人类活动排放是这10个城市大气颗粒物的主要来源，以燃煤源、机动车源、二次源、扬尘源为主，在采暖期燃煤源的贡献率会有所增加。这10个城市多属于亚湿润和亚干旱地区，温带季风气候。大气颗粒物主要由水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳、重金属和有机组分组成。总体而言，尽管我国在大气颗粒物的研究方面已经开展了许多工作，但仍有一些不完善的地方，如对大气颗粒物的研究比较零散、间断，缺乏系统性，很难进行深入的比较和分析。未来大气颗粒物的研究应进一步系统且全面地开展更多的监测、组分分析、毒性检测及源解析等工作。
Abstract: This paper briefly overviewed the research advances on pollution levels, influencing factors, and chemical constituents of atmospheric particulates in 10 cities with poor air quality in China from 2005 to 2017, including Shijiazhuang, Handan, Xingtai, Baoding, Tangshan, Taiyuan, Xi'an, Hengshui, Zhengzhou, and Jinan. Although atmospheric particulates pollution levels in the 10 cities have been reduced in recent years, the problem is still grave. The influencing factors of atmospheric particulates include resident population, source of particulates, city geographical location, meteorology, and climate. Emissions from anthropogenic activities such as coal burning, diesel vehicles, secondary pollution, and dust are the main sources of atmospheric particulates in the selected cities, and the contribution rate of coal burning source is expected to increase in heating season. Most of the 10 cities are in semi-arid and semi-humid zones, with temperate monsoon climate. The atmospheric particulates are composed of watersoluble ions, organic carbon and element carbon, heavy metals, and organic constituents. In general, although a lot of work has been done in the study of atmospheric particulates in China, there is still space for improvement. For example, the studies of atmospheric particulates are fragmented, discontinuous, and unsystematic, making it difficult to conduct indepth comparison and analysis. In the future, therefore, more systematic and comprehensive monitoring, component analyses, toxicity tests, and source analyses should be carried out in the study of atmospheric particulates.
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