微囊藻毒素对人群消化系统健康影响的流行病学研究进展
Epidemiologic advances in effects of microcystns exposure on human digestve system
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摘要:
水体富营养化导致蓝藻水华发生日益频繁，藻类水华的主要危害之一是微囊藻毒素（microcystns，MCs）的产生。MCs是一类在蓝藻水华时检出频率最高、含量最多和造成危害最严重的藻毒素，其化学性质稳定，难以去除，对饮用水安全和人类健康已构成严重的威胁。MCs可通过饮水、饮食以及娱乐用水等多种途径进入并累积在机体内，其中经口摄入是蓝藻毒素暴露的最主要途径。MCs经口摄入进入消化道后，在胃肠道进行吸收转运，对胃肠道的结构和功能造成损害。现有的研究表明，MCs在消化系统疾病的发生发展中起着十分重要的作用。急性暴露于被MCs污染的水和食物可导致恶心、呕吐和腹泻等胃肠道症状，低剂量的慢性暴露可导致胃肠炎，甚至可能诱发胃癌和肠癌。经胃肠道吸收后的MCs大部分通过门静脉系统到达肝脏，导致肝脏损伤以及肝癌的发生。该文总结MCs在消化系统中吸收转运和蓄积的机制，概述其所致消化系统疾病（尤其是胃肠道疾病）的流行病学研究进展，为深入研究MCs与消化系统疾病关系提供思路。
Abstract: The eutrophication in waters has led to frequent occurrence of cyanobacterial blooms. One of the main hazards of algal blooms is the production of microcystins (MCs). MCs are a class of most frequent, abundant, and toxic algal toxins detected in cyanobacterial blooms. They are chemically stable and difficult to remove, posing a serious threat to drinking water safety and human health. MCs can enter and accumulate in the body through various ways such as drinking water, diet, and recreational water, among which oral intake is the most important route for cyanobacterial toxin exposure. Afer ingeston into the digestve tract, MCs are absorbed and transported in the gastrointestnal tract, causing damage to the structure and functon of the gastrointestnal tract. Existng research shows that MCs play an important role in the development of digestve diseases. Acute exposure to water and food contaminated with MCs can cause gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Low doses of chronic MCs exposure can cause gastroenterits and may even induce gastric and intestnal cancer. Most of the MCs afer gastrointestnal absorpton reach the liver through the portal vein system, leading to liver damage and liver cancer. Through summarizing the mechanisms about absorption and accumulation of MCs in the digestive system, and reviewing epidemiological studies on the effects of MCs on digestve diseases, especially gastrointestnal diseases, this paper provided an insight for further study on the relatonship between MCs and digestve diseases.
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