我国麻风防治人员的职业倦怠现状及其影响因素
Job burnout and its influencing factors among medical staff for leprosy prevention and treatment in China
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摘要:
背景 我国在麻风防治工作方面取得了巨大成就，麻风防治人员为此付出了巨大的努力。但麻风防治队伍面临着人才匮乏、整体素质不高、队伍不稳定的现状，且至今尚无对麻风防治人员的职业倦怠情况进行研究。
目的 了解全国从事麻风防治相关人员的职业倦怠现状，探讨职业倦怠的影响因素，为卫生行政部门建设一支高素质的麻防队伍提供政策建议。
方法 数据来源于中国麻风防治协会在2018年10-12月对全国18个省份107家机构中的439名麻防人员的问卷调查。采用一般健康量表、工作满意度量表、职业倦怠量表以及自制的麻防人员个人现状自我评价问卷等调查工具。选择Kruskal-Wallis H检验和有序logistic回归进行数据分析。
结果 在439名受访的麻防人员中，有250人（56.9%）存在不同程度的职业倦怠，其中轻、中、重度职业倦怠的发生率分别是30.1%、18.9%和7.9%。心理健康状况不佳和工作不满意者分别占32.1%和32.6%。单因素分析发现，不同职业倦怠程度的麻防人员，在心理健康状况、工作满意度、性别、年龄、岗位类型、机构等级以及7项自我评价得分的差异有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。多因素分析显示：工作不满意（OR=5.782，95% CI：3.639~9.186）、心理健康状况不佳（OR=3.484，95% CI：2.225~5.454）、无行政职务（OR=1.564，95% CI：1.001~2.443）是职业倦怠的危险因素；不同岗位类型中，与行政后勤相比，临床医师（OR=0.415，95% CI：0.218~0.792）、公卫医师（OR=0.388，95% CI：0.187~0.808）和药/护/技（OR=0.405，95% CI：0.194~0.847）岗位职业倦怠风险较低。
结论 我国麻防人员存在较高的职业倦怠发生率，工作满意度和心理健康状况是最主要的影响因素，有必要开展麻风防治人员职业倦怠的干预。
Abstract:Background China has made great achievements in the preventon and treatment of leprosy afer the efforts of relevant medical staff. However, confrontng the talent shortage, inadequate overall quality, and unstable medical team, so far there has been no research on the job burnout of medical personnel engaged in leprosy preventon and treatment.
Objective This investigation aims to understand the current situation of job burnout of medical staff involved in leprosy preventon and treatment work in China, explore the potental influencing factors of job burnout, and provide policy recommendatons for health administratve departments to establish a high-quality leprosy talent team.
Methods Data were obtained from the China Leprosy Preventon Associaton's questonnaire survey of 439 personnel of 107 insttutons in 18 provinces across the country from October to December 2018. Survey tools included the General Health Questonnaire, the Job Satsfacton Scale, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), and the self-designed self-assessment questonnaire for personal status. Data analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis H test and ordered logistc regression.
Results Among the 439 interviewed leprosy specifed medical staff, 250 (56.9%) had different levels of job burnout. The incidence rates of mild, moderate, and severe job burnout were 30.1%, 18.9%, and 7.9%, respectvely. The staff reportng poor mental health and low job satsfacton accounted for 32.1% and 32.6% of total leprosy specifed medical staff, respectvely. The univariate analysis found signifcant differences in mental health, job satsfacton, gender, age, job type, insttuton level, and seven self-assessment scores among the leprosy medical staff with different levels of job burnout (P < 0.05). The results of multvariate analysis showed unsatsfactory work (OR=5.782, 95%CI:3.639-9.186), poor mental health status (OR=3.484, 95%CI:2.225-5.454), and no administratve dutes (OR=1.564, 95%CI:1.001-2.443) were risk factors for job burnout; among the different job types, clinical physicians (OR=0.415, 95%CI:0.218-0.792), public health physicians (OR=0.388, 95%CI:0.187-0.808), and pharmacists/nursing/medicine technicians (OR=0.405, 95%CI:0.194-0.847) had a signifcantly lower risk of job burnout than the administratve and logistc staff.
Conclusion Chinese leprosy preventon and treatment personnel have a high incidence rate of job burnout, and mental health and job satsfacton are the main influencing factors; therefore, and it is necessary to carry out interventons for medical staff engaged in leprosy preventon and treatment.
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