实施垃圾分类后上海市奉贤区居民区湿垃圾收集桶内蝇类孳生的影响因素
Risk factors of fly breeding in household food waste collection bins after waste sorting in Fengxian District, Shanghai
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摘要:
背景 2019年7月1日上海市正式实施《上海市生活垃圾管理条例》，将生活垃圾分类为可回收物、有害垃圾、湿垃圾和干垃圾。湿垃圾收集桶是蝇类孳生的重要场所。
目的 探讨上海市奉贤区垃圾分类后居民区湿垃圾收集桶内蝇类孳生情况及其影响因素，为控制居民区蝇类密度和完善垃圾分类政策提供依据。
方法 2019年8月6-28日，按GB/T23796-2009《病媒生物密度监测方法蝇类》标准中的蝇类幼虫目测法和成蝇目测法，调查居民区湿垃圾收集桶蝇类幼虫孳生率和成蝇侵害率。由统一培训的调查员，现场调查上海市奉贤区各类居民环境中湿垃圾收集桶，并记录其所属居民区类型，桶盖能否有效隔绝成蝇进入，有无残留垃圾，湿垃圾收集桶摆放位置是否集中，开放时间是否固定，放置位置是否避阳，使用后是否清洗，是否配有志愿者和小区有无物业管理等。
结果 本次调查的299个居民区湿垃圾收集桶中，有蝇类幼虫孳生的16个，蝇类幼虫孳生率为5.35%；发现有成蝇停落的69个，成蝇侵害率为23.08%。湿垃圾回收桶中有残留垃圾（
OR =166.56，95%CI ：17.51~1584.59）、桶盖不能有效隔绝成蝇（OR =26.16，95%CI ：4.06~168.70）和无志愿者服务（OR =15.50，95%CI ：1.32~182.44）是蝇类幼虫孳生的危险因素；相对于商品房别墅区，多高层楼房小区（OR =11.06，95%CI ：3.29~37.15）、农村自建房小区（OR =10.45，95%CI ：2.85~38.53）以及桶内有残留垃圾（OR =9.42，95%CI ：3.59~24.75）和桶盖不能有效隔绝成蝇（OR =63.59，95%CI ：20.74~195.00）是成蝇侵害的危险因素。结论 湿垃圾收集桶中有残留垃圾和不能有效隔绝成蝇接触是居民区湿垃圾收集桶内蝇类孳生主要影响因素，应对物业管理人员和垃圾分类的志愿者进行相关知识培训，以降低居民区湿垃圾收集桶蝇类孳生率。
Abstract:Background The Regulations on the Management of Domestic Waste in Shanghai has been implemented in Shanghai since July 1th, 2019, which classifies domestic waste as recyclable waste, hazardous waste, household food waste, and residual waste. Household food waste collection bins are an important place for fly breeding.Objective The purpose of this study is to investigate fly breeding and its risk factors in household food waste collection bins in residential areas in Fengxian District, Shanghai, and to provide evidence for controlling the density of flies in residential areas and improving waste sorting policies.
Methods The breeding rate of fly larvae and infestation rate of adult flies in household food waste bins were estimated in Fengxian District of Shanghai from August 6th to 28th, 2019, following the fly larva visual inspection method and adult fly visual inspection method of the
Vector density monitoring method Flies (GB/T 23796-2009). Type of residential areas, adult flies effectively isolated by bin lips, any residuals left, household food waste collection bins' placement, collection hours, sun shading, wash schedule, and involvement of volunteers and property management were recorded by trained investigators.Results Among the 299 household food waste collection bins investigated, 16 were found fly larvae, and the breeding rate of fly larvae was 5.35%; 69 were found adult flies, and the infestation rate of adult flies was 23.08%. Residuals left in household food waste collection bins (
OR =166.56, 95%CI :17.51-1584.59), household food waste collection bins not effectively isolating adult flies (OR =26.16, 95%CI :4.06-168.70), and no volunteer service (OR =15.50, 95%CI :1.32-182.44) were the risk factors for breeding of fly larvae; complexes of multi-storied or high-rise buildings (versus complexes of villas,OR =11.06, 95%CI :3.29-37.15), complexes of self-built houses in rural areas (versus complexes of villas,OR =10.45, 95%CI :2.85-38.53), residuals left in household food waste collection bins (OR =9.42, 95%CI :3.59-24.75), and household food waste collection bins not effectively isolating adult flies (OR =63.59, 95%CI :20.74-195.00) were the risk factors for the infestation of adult flies.Conclusion Leaving residuals in household food waste collection bins and not effectively isolating adult flies are the risk factors for fly breeding in household food waste collection bins in residential areas. It is important to train property managers and volunteers on waste sorting, so as to reduce the fly breeding rate.
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