杨颖华, 王凯, 张霞, 张琳, 高剑晖, 苏瑾. 某市轨道交通列车车厢可吸入颗粒物浓度调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(6): 599-602. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19810
引用本文: 杨颖华, 王凯, 张霞, 张琳, 高剑晖, 苏瑾. 某市轨道交通列车车厢可吸入颗粒物浓度调查[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(6): 599-602. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19810
YANG Yinghua, WANG Kai, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Lin, GAO Jian-hui, SU Jin. On-site levels of inhalable particulate matters in metro carriages in a metropolis[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(6): 599-602. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19810
Citation: YANG Yinghua, WANG Kai, ZHANG Xia, ZHANG Lin, GAO Jian-hui, SU Jin. On-site levels of inhalable particulate matters in metro carriages in a metropolis[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(6): 599-602. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19810

某市轨道交通列车车厢可吸入颗粒物浓度调查

On-site levels of inhalable particulate matters in metro carriages in a metropolis

  • 摘要: 背景

    地铁车厢相对密闭,人流量大,容易造成各种污染物累积而导致空气质量恶化,进而影响人体健康。我国目前尚未制定相应的卫生标准。

    目的

    了解轨道交通列车车厢可吸入颗粒物(PM10)的浓度现状,为今后制定卫生管控措施以及制定标准限值提供建议。

    方法

    目前该市已投入运行的地铁线路共计15条,按20%的比例,选取3条客流较大、运行年限较久的地铁线路进行调查。于2018年5-12月期间,分别在夏、秋、冬三个季节连续监测工作日早高峰(2 h)、晚高峰(2 h)和平峰时段(2 h)列车车厢内PM10的浓度。在每列被测的列车编组设置3个监测点,分别位于列车的两端和中间车厢区域,间距约为60~80 m;监测点同时设置于3个被选车厢的中心区域,高度为1.0~1.5 m。依据《公共场所卫生检验方法第2部分:化学污染物》标准要求,使用粉尘直读检测仪以1次·min-1的频率进行连续监测。

    结果

    本次所测线路的车厢PM10质量浓度(后简称:浓度)范围为0.018~0.868 mg·m-3,中位数(M)和第25、75百分位数(P25P75)为0.100(0.063,0.135)mg·m-3;车厢PM10浓度主要分布在0.000~0.150 mg·m-3的区间内,占全部测量数据的84.0%。不同季节地铁车厢PM10浓度不同(P < 0.001):冬季浓度最高,其MP25P75)为0.134(0.111,0.159)mg·m-3,其次为秋季浓度0.101(0.071,0.128)mg·m-3,夏季浓度最低0.060(0.048,0.079)mg·m-3;且冬季监测结果大于0.150 mg·m-3的占32.6%。不同运行时段地铁车厢PM10浓度不同(P < 0.001):早高峰时段的浓度最高,其MP25P75)为0.109(0.062,0.154)mg·m-3,其次为平峰时段浓度0.100(0.061,0.129)mg·m-3,晚高峰时段浓度最低0.097(0.064,0.123)mg·m-3

    结论

    与其他城市比较,本次所测地铁车厢内PM10的浓度处于中等水平。通过数据分析和文献资料比对,建议将城市轨交列车车厢内PM10浓度卫生标准限值设为≤ 0.15 mg·m-3。同时,建议列车设计时应提高新风量和净化能力,以有效降低车厢内PM10的浓度。

     

    Abstract: Background

    The accumulation of various pollutants in confined and crowded metro carriages will deteriorate the air quality and affect passengers' health. Sanitary standards for metro carriages have not been established in China.

    Objective

    The study is designed to investigate the concentration of inhalable particulate matters (PM10) in metro carriages, and to provide evidence for proposing health control strategies and standards or limits for metro system.

    Methods

    In this study, three metro lines with larger passenger flow and longer service years were selected from the 15 metro lines operating in the city by a 20% ratio. The concentration of PM10 in metro carriages of the selected metro lines were continuously monitored during morning rush hours (2 h), evening rush hours (2 h), and non-rush hours (2 h) of working days in three seasons (summer, autumn, and winter) from May to December in 2018. The monitoring points were set at the center of a carriage in the middle and both ends of a train, the distance between two points was 60-80 m, and the height of monitoring points was 1.0-1.5 m from the floor. According to the Examination methods for public places-Part 2:Chemical pollutants, continuous monitoring was carried out with a direct-reading dust monitor that recorded once per minute.

    Results

    The concentrations of PM10 in the selected metro carriages ranged from 0.018-0.868mg·m-3, and the median (P25, P75) concentration was 0.100 (0.063, 0.135) mg·m-3. The PM10 concentrations were mainly distributed in the range of 0.000-0.150 mg·m-3, which accounted for 84.0% of the total results. In terms of seasonal variation, the concentrations of PM10 were significantly different (P < 0.001):the winter concentration of PM10M (P25, P75) was the highest0.134 (0.111, 0.159) mg·m-3, followed by the concentration in autumn0.101 (0.071, 0.1280 mg·m-3, and that in summer0.060 (0.048, 0.079) mg·m-3 was the lowest; more than 32.6% of the winter samples exceeded 0.150 mg·m-3. In terms of running hour variation, the concentrations of PM10 were significantly different (P < 0.001); the concentration of PM10 during morning rush hoursmedian (P25, P75) was the highest0.109 (0.062, 0.154) mg·m-3, followed by the concentration in non-rush hours0.100 (0.061, 0.129)mg·m-3, and that in evening rush hours0.097 (0.064, 0.123)mg·m-3 was the lowest.

    Conclusion

    Compared with other cities, the concentration of PM10 in metro carriages in the selected city is at an average level. Through the analysis of measured data and comparison with previous studies and references, we propose the limit of PM10 concentration in carriages of urban metro lines at ≤ 0.150 mg·m-3. At the same time, we recommend taking into considerations increasing new air volume and purification capacity during carriage design to reduce the concentration of PM10 in carriages effectively.

     

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