郑浩, 丁震, 高圣华, 张岚, 徐燕. 突发饮用水污染事件人群健康风险评估方法的探讨:以江苏镇江苯酚水污染事件为例[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(7): 690-694. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19895
引用本文: 郑浩, 丁震, 高圣华, 张岚, 徐燕. 突发饮用水污染事件人群健康风险评估方法的探讨:以江苏镇江苯酚水污染事件为例[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(7): 690-694. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19895
ZHENG Hao, DING Zhen, GAO Sheng-hua, ZHANG Lan, XU Yan. Health risk assessment of drinking water pollutants in emergencies: Phenol water pollution event in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(7): 690-694. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19895
Citation: ZHENG Hao, DING Zhen, GAO Sheng-hua, ZHANG Lan, XU Yan. Health risk assessment of drinking water pollutants in emergencies: Phenol water pollution event in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(7): 690-694. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.19895

突发饮用水污染事件人群健康风险评估方法的探讨:以江苏镇江苯酚水污染事件为例

Health risk assessment of drinking water pollutants in emergencies: Phenol water pollution event in Zhenjiang, Jiangsu

  • 摘要: 背景

    发生突发饮用水污染事件时,需要对水中污染物可能产生的人群健康风险进行评估。现行的饮用水卫生标准不能满足人群短期暴露风险评估的需求,相关的评估方法技术体系也不健全,有待于进一步研究和探讨。

    目的

    基于突发饮用水污染事件,定量评估污染物可能对人群健康产生的危害程度。

    方法

    在美国环境保护署推荐的四步法(危害识别、剂量-反应关系评估、暴露评估、风险表征)基础上,根据化学污染物短期暴露特点进行人群健康风险评估。风险评估的时间分为1 d和10 d,根据人群实际暴露时间,选择制订1 d或10 d的饮用水污染物短期暴露安全阈值(SWSC)。风险表征以危害商(HQ)大小进行定量评估。以2012年江苏镇江苯酚水污染事件为例,进行人群健康风险评估。

    结果

    2012年江苏镇江苯酚水污染事件中,人群暴露于污染物的时间为3 d,饮用水苯酚污染质量浓度为0.132 mg·L-1,饮用水苯酚的SWSC为6 mg·L-1。经计算HQ为0.022,认为该事件中苯酚暴露浓度对人群产生的健康风险处于可接受水平。

    结论

    本研究基于饮用水化学污染物毒性阐明污染物SWSC的推导方法,适用于发生突发饮用水污染事件时,定量评估人群短期暴露于污染物的健康风险水平。

     

    Abstract: Background

    It is essential to assess the health risks of pollutants in drinking water among exposed populations in the context of drinking water pollution events. Current criterion in China are not suitable for short-term exposure assessment of drinking water pollutants, and relevant methodologies remain inadequate and need to be improved.

    Objective

    This study is conducted to assess the human health risk of drinking water pollutants in an emergency.

    Methods

    The modified four steps of health risk assessment (hazard identification, doseresponse assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization) recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency were used in the present study. One-day or tenday short-term drinking water safety concentration (SWSC) was defined according to actual exposure durations. Hazard quotient (HQ) was applied for assessing human health risk of drinking water pollutants in emergencies. Based on the phenol water pollution event in Zhenjiang of Jiangsu in 2012, a health risk assessment was conducted.

    Results

    In the drinking water pollution event of Zhenjiang City in 2012, the exposure duration of the population was 3 d. The exposure concentration and SWSC of phenol in drinking water was 0.132mg·L-1 and 6mg·L-1, respectively. The HQ was hereby calculated as 0.022 according to the equation developed in the study. The health risk induced by exposure to phenol in the emergency was acceptable.

    Conclusion

    The methodology based on the toxicity of water pollutants could reveal pollutant SWSC, and quantitatively assess the shortterm health risk of drinking water pollutants in emergencies.

     

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