胡高垚, 邝辉, 吴纪贞, 张志明, 李明雪, 周静, 许琼军, 许士兰, 龙文芳. 2019年海口市人工泳池水质及耐药基因流行特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 886-890. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20068
引用本文: 胡高垚, 邝辉, 吴纪贞, 张志明, 李明雪, 周静, 许琼军, 许士兰, 龙文芳. 2019年海口市人工泳池水质及耐药基因流行特征[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2020, 37(9): 886-890. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20068
HU Gao-yao, KUANG Hui, WU Ji-zhen, ZHANG Zhi-ming, LI Ming-xue, ZHOU Jing, XU Qiong-jun, XU Shi-lan, LONG Wen-fang. Water quality of swimming pools and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Haikou in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 886-890. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20068
Citation: HU Gao-yao, KUANG Hui, WU Ji-zhen, ZHANG Zhi-ming, LI Ming-xue, ZHOU Jing, XU Qiong-jun, XU Shi-lan, LONG Wen-fang. Water quality of swimming pools and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Haikou in 2019[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2020, 37(9): 886-890. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2020.20068

2019年海口市人工泳池水质及耐药基因流行特征

Water quality of swimming pools and prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in Haikou in 2019

  • 摘要: 背景

    水环境为细菌耐药基因的储存库,人工泳池由于和人体接触密切,其耐药基因与人体存在直接交互作用,耐药基因可通过水平转移而对人体存在风险。

    目的

    了解海口地区游泳池细菌耐药基因的种类及空间分布特征,耐药基因与水体的细菌学及消毒指标的关联。

    方法

    于2019年1-6月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取海口16家泳池池水和池壁擦拭样共96份。按GB/T 18204.6-2013《公共场所卫生标准检验方法》检验细菌菌落总数、游离性余氯、化合性余氯水平,用显色培养基检测大肠杆菌;提取细菌DNA,采用PCR法进行耐药基因扩增并测序确认,分析耐药基因及水质数据相关性。

    结果

    泳池池水菌落总数合格率为77.08%(37/48),游离性余氯合格率为79.17%(38/48),化合性余氯合格率为85.42%(41/48),大肠杆菌合格率为97.92%(47/48);共检出mcr-1mecAfloRsul Isul IIaadAstrAtetS 8种耐药基因,检出率25.00%(24/96),检出频率最高的为floR基因(7.29%,7/96),最低的为tetSstrA基因(均为1.04%,1/96)。4个不同行政分区的泳池耐药基因检出率存在差异(χ2=12.178,P=0.007);池壁的耐药基因检出率高于池水(35.42% vs 14.58%;χ2=5.556,P=0.018),且均检出mcr-1基因。游离性余氯与细菌菌落总数、耐药基因检出率存在负相关(r=-0.395,P=0.005;r=-0.434,P=0.002)。

    结论

    海口市泳池出现耐药基因频率较高,检出mcr-1及多种耐药基因,水中的游离性余氯含量影响细菌菌落总数含量及细菌耐药基因。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Water environment is a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes. It may pose a risk of horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes due to its close contact with human body in swimming pools.

    Objective

    This study investigates the types and spatial distributions of antibiotic resistance genes, and the correlations between antibiotic resistance genes and the bacteriological or disinfection indicators of water in swimming pools in Haikou.

    Methods

    A total of 96 samples of water and wall swabs were collected in 16 swimming pools by multi-stage stratified random sampling methods in Haikou from January to June 2019. The aerobic bacterial count, free chlorine residual, and combined chlorine residual were tested in accordance with the Test methods for hygienic standards for public places (GB/T 18204.6-2013), and E. coli was detected in chromogenic medium. The DNA extracted from drug-resistant genes were amplified by PCR and confirmed by sequencing. Correlation analysis of drug-resistant genes and water quality indicators was performed.

    Results

    The qualified rates of aerobic bacterial count, free chlorine residual, combined chlorine residual, and E. coli were 77.08% (37/48), 79.17% (38/48), 85.42% (41/48), and 97.92% (47/48), respectively. Eight antibiotic resistance genes such as mcr-1, mecA, floR, sul I, sul II, aadA, strA, and tetS were found, and the overall positive rate was 25.00% (24/96); the frequency of floR was the highest (7.29%, 7/96), and the frequencies of tetS and strA were both the lowest (1.04%, 1/96). The positive rates of antibiotic resistance genes in swimming pools were different in the four districts of the city (χ2=12.178, P=0.007). The positive rate of swimming pool walls was higher than that of swimming pool water (35.42% vs 14.58%; χ2=5.556, P=0.018), and mcr-1 were detected in both kinds of samples. There were negative correlations of free chlorine residual with aerobic bacterial count and the positive rate of antibiotic resistance genes (r=-0.395, P=0.005; r=-0.434, P=0.002).

    Conclusion

    The detection frequency of antibiotic resistance genes, such as mcr-1, is high in the swimming pools of Haikou. Free chlorine residual in swimming pool water affects aerobic bacterial count and antibiotic resistance genes.

     

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