城市住所窗外绿视率对疫情期间人群心理健康的影响：基于合肥市的研究
Impact of window view green visual ratio on people's mental health during pandemic: A study in Hefei
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摘要:
背景 城市绿地对人群心理健康具有潜在影响。
目的 研究肺炎疫情发生期间城市绿地对人群心理健康的影响，探讨城市绿地的健康功效。
方法 于2020年3月，以合肥市107个居住区内的常住居民为研究对象，进行网络问卷调查。采用凯斯勒心理困扰量表（K10）评估人群心理健康状况，该量表得分越高，表明心理健康状况越差。运用人工目视解读法计算研究对象住所窗外绿视率，使用问卷获取人群每日绿视时间。利用方差分析、Pearson相关性分析及多元线性回归分析进行统计分析。
结果 获得有效网络问卷396份。研究人群女性共215人，占54.29%；小于18岁人群占1.52%，18~23岁占17.68%，24~29岁占30.30%，30~50岁占44.44%，大于50岁占6.06%。人群心理建康状况总体得分为（22.19±7.16）分。住所窗外绿视率为（28.9±8.9）%，最低为14.1%，最高为49.8%。每日绿视时间小于15 min的人群占24.24%，15~30 min占17.43%，31~45 min占14.90%，46~60 min占25.25%，大于60 min占18.18%。单因素分析显示，不同绿视率组和绿视时间组之间心理健康状况得分差异有统计学意义（
P <0.01）。Pearson相关性分析表明，窗外绿视率（r =-0.466）、每日绿视时间（r =-0.833）分别与心理健康状况得分呈负相关。多元线性回归分析发现，绿视率（b =-13.531，P <0.05）和每日绿视时间（b =-3.720，P <0.05）是心理健康状况的保护因素。结论 在新冠肺炎疫情期间，居民窗外绿视率越高、每日绿视时间越长，其心理健康状况越好。
Abstract:Background Urban green space may potentially affect people's mental health.
Objective This study evaluates the effect of urban green space on people's mental health during the coronavirus pandemic, and explores the health benefits of urban green space.
Methods In March 2020, permanent residents of 107 residential areas in Hefei were investigated by online questionnaire survey. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10) was employed to assess the mental health status of the participants, and a higher score of the scale indicated worse mental health status. The green visual ratio of window views of the participants' residences was quantified by artificial visual interpretation, and the daily viewing time of green space outside windows was also acquired by questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression analysis.
Results A total of 396 valid online questionnaires were obtained. There were 215 females (54.29%); the age distributions were 1.52% under 18 years, 17.68% at 18-23 years, 30.30% at 24-29 years, 44.44% at 30-50 years, and 6.06% over 50 years. The overall score of mental health was 22.19±7.16. The window view green visual ratio was (28.9±8.9)%, ranging from 14.1% to 49.8%. Regarding the time of watching green space outside windows every day, 24.24% of the participants spent less than 15 min, 17.43% did 15-30 min, 14.90% did 31-45 min, 25.25% did 46-60 min, and 18.18% did more than 60 min. The results of one-way analysis of variance showed significant differences in the score of mental health among groups with different green visual ratios and with different time of watching green space outside windows (
P <0.01). The Pearson correlation analysis results showed that the green visual ratio (r =-0.466) and the time of watching green space outside windows (r =-0.833) were negatively correlated with mental health scores. The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that green visual ratio (b =-13.531,P <0.05) and the time of watching green space outside windows (b =-3.720,P <0.05) were the protective factors of mental health.Conclusion During the outbreak, the residents with higher window view green visual ratios and longer daily viewing time of green space show better mental health.
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