刘周, 谢贝贝, 陈丹, 梅勇. 某乘用车制造企业噪声职业暴露风险评估与风险管理[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(10): 1134-1139. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21030
引用本文: 刘周, 谢贝贝, 陈丹, 梅勇. 某乘用车制造企业噪声职业暴露风险评估与风险管理[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(10): 1134-1139. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21030
LIU Zhou, XIE Beibei, CHEN Dan, Mei Yong. Risk assessment and risk management of occupational noise exposure in a passenger vehicle manufacturing enterprise[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(10): 1134-1139. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21030
Citation: LIU Zhou, XIE Beibei, CHEN Dan, Mei Yong. Risk assessment and risk management of occupational noise exposure in a passenger vehicle manufacturing enterprise[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(10): 1134-1139. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21030

某乘用车制造企业噪声职业暴露风险评估与风险管理

Risk assessment and risk management of occupational noise exposure in a passenger vehicle manufacturing enterprise

  • 摘要: 背景

    职业性噪声暴露已成为危害职业人群身心健康日益突出的职业卫生问题,职业性噪声聋为我国第二大类职业病,仅次于职业性尘肺病,对职业人群进行噪声暴露风险评估可以指导企业有效地实施风险管理,保护劳动者健康。

    目的

    对某乘用车制造企业噪声暴露工人进行风险评估和风险管理。

    方法

    开展职业卫生学现场调查,以8 h工作日等效声级(LEX,8h)≥80 dB(A)的岗位工人为研究对象。用WS/T 755—2016《噪声职业病危害风险管理指南》中噪声暴露所致听力损失风险评估方法,对噪声作业岗位进行暴露风险评估和风险管理。

    结果

    该企业不同噪声岗位工人的LEX,8h范围为83.4~99.4 dB(A),噪声引起的高频听阈损失风险范围在0%~55.2%之间,噪声引起的职业性噪声聋风险范围为0%~37.6%。暴露年数≤ 30年时,底盘安装工和转动外接头操作工发生高频听阈损失的最高风险为中等风险,涂装吹扫工发生高频听阈损失和职业性噪声聋的风险均为较高风险或高风险。暴露年数>30年时,涂装吹扫工发生高频听阈损失风险为高风险,风箱螺母固定工、底盘安装工和转动外接头操作工为中等风险;发生职业性噪声聋风险最高的是涂装吹扫工,风险分级为高风险和极高风险。

    结论

    该企业噪声作业岗位的噪声暴露水平超标较多,噪声作业岗位发生听力损失和噪声聋的风险等级较高。对极高风险等级和高风险等级的噪声作业岗位,企业要采取工程控制措施;对可接受风险及以上风险等级岗位,企业应建立听力保护计划,加强个人防护等管理措施。

     

    Abstract: Background

    Occupational noise exposure has become an increasingly prominent occupational health problem endangering the physical and mental health of workers. Occupational noiseinduced deafness is the second largest occupational disease in China, behind occupational pneumoconiosis. Noise exposure risk assessment of occupational populations could guide enterprises to effectively implement risk management and protect the health of workers.

    Objective

    This study aims to conduct risk assessment and risk management for workers exposed to noise in a passenger vehicle manufacturing enterprise.

    Methods

    An on-site occupational hygiene investigation was conducted among workers with an equivalent sound level over an 8 h working day (LEX, 8h) ≥ 80 dB(A). The assessment method for hearing loss caused by exposure to noise provided in the Guidelines for risk management of occupational noise hazard was used to assess the risk and conduct risk management for workers exposed to noise.

    Results

    The LEX, 8h of workers in selected noise-exposed positions ranged from 83.4 to 99.4 dB(A). The risk of high-frequency noise-induced hearing loss ranged from 0% to 55.2%, and the risk of occupational noise-induced deafness ranged from 0% to 37.6%. With an exposure age of less than 30 years, the highest risks of high-frequency hearing loss for chassis installers and rotating union operators were medium, and the risks of high-frequency hearing loss and occupational noise-induced deafness for coating and purging workers were fairly high and high respectively. With an exposure age of more than 30 years, the risk of high-frequency hearing loss for coating and purging workers was high, and the risks of bellow nut fixation workers, chassis installers, and rotating union operators were all medium; the coating and purging workers had the highest risk of occupational noise-induced deafness, and the associated risks were identified as high and extremely high.

    Conclusion

    The noise exposure levels of the noise-exposed positions in the selected manufacturing enterprise exceed the national standard, and the risks of hearing loss and noise-induced deafness are fairly high. Enterprises should take engineering control measures for noise-exposed positions with extremely high and high risks, and establish hearing protection plans and strengthen management measures such as personal protection for positions with acceptable and above risks.

     

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