沈卫英, 房占娟, 陆爱芬, 袁国芳, 张旭, 管罕英, 张勇刚, 钱冬梅. 全面二孩政策下三级医院产科医务人员职业应激现况及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 860-865. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21064
引用本文: 沈卫英, 房占娟, 陆爱芬, 袁国芳, 张旭, 管罕英, 张勇刚, 钱冬梅. 全面二孩政策下三级医院产科医务人员职业应激现况及影响因素[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2021, 38(8): 860-865. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21064
SHEN Weiying, FANG Zhanjuan, LU Aifen, YUAN Guofang, ZHANG Xu, GUAN Hanying, ZHANG Yonggang, QIAN Dongmei. Occupational stress and related influencing factors among obstetric medical staff in tertiary hospitals under the universal two-child policy[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 860-865. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21064
Citation: SHEN Weiying, FANG Zhanjuan, LU Aifen, YUAN Guofang, ZHANG Xu, GUAN Hanying, ZHANG Yonggang, QIAN Dongmei. Occupational stress and related influencing factors among obstetric medical staff in tertiary hospitals under the universal two-child policy[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2021, 38(8): 860-865. DOI: 10.13213/j.cnki.jeom.2021.21064

全面二孩政策下三级医院产科医务人员职业应激现况及影响因素

Occupational stress and related influencing factors among obstetric medical staff in tertiary hospitals under the universal two-child policy

  • 摘要: 背景

    全面二孩政策实施后,产科工作增多且任务繁重,产科医务人员职业应激状态不应被忽视。

    目的

    了解全面二孩政策实施下产科医务人员的职业应激现状及其影响因素。

    方法

    统计苏州市2所三级医院2014—2020年的产科工作量及人员离职情况。采用方便抽样方式,于2020年8月—12月向苏州市2所三级医院的296名产科医务人员发放调查问卷。问卷包含一般资料调查表和职业应激量表,其中职业应激量表由职业任务、个体紧张反应、个体应对资源3个分量表组成。比较不同特征产科医务人员间职业应激得分差异,将分析有差异的变量纳入多元线性回归方程进行分析。

    结果

    2014—2020年,苏州市2所三级医院产科人均接诊量高峰期集中在2016年和2017年,随后下降并保持平稳趋势,但人均接诊高危孕产妇量、工作时长、值夜班频次、人员离职转岗率均逐年增长。回收有效问卷共计279份,有效回收率为94.26%。产科医务人员职业任务、个体紧张反应、个体应对资源的得分分别为(190.52±18.75)、(108.63±15.17)、(121.24±15.08)分。其中职称高、职务高、加班频率高者职业任务得分较高(P < 0.05);工作年限短、夜班轮换频率高、加班频率高者个体紧张反应得分高(P < 0.05);工作年限短、职务低、加班频率高者个体对应资源得分低(P < 0.05)。职业任务的独立影响因素为职称、职务、加班频率(R2=0.196,F=27.845,P < 0.001);个体紧张反应的独立影响因素为工作年限、夜班轮换频率、加班频率(R2=0.214,F=21.407,P < 0.001);个体应对资源的独立影响因素为工作年限、加班频率(R2=0.168,F=24.816,P < 0.001)。

    结论

    三级产科医务人员职业应激水平较高,建议增加资源配置,降低夜班和加班频率,缓解产科工作者职业应激。

     

    Abstract: Background

    The implementation of the universal two-child policy has resulted in increased and heavy obstetrics workload and occupational stress of obstetric medical staff which should not be ignored.

    Objective

    This study investigates the prevalence of occupational stress and its influencing factors among obstetric medical staff in tertiary hospitals after the implementation of the universal two-child policy.

    Methods

    Statistics of obstetric workload and staff turnover were collected in two tertiary hospitals in Suzhou from 2014 to 2020. Through convenient sampling, questionnaires were distributed to 296 obstetric medical staff from the two tertiary hospitals from August to December 2020. The questionnaire survey contained a general information questionnaire and the Occupational Stress Inventory-Revised which consisted of three subscales: occupational role, personal strain, and personal resources. Comparisons were made to scores of occupational stress across different characteristic groups. The variables with significant differences were included in multiple linear regression models.

    Results

    From 2014 to 2020, the per capita admissions for obstetrics in the selected two hospitals in Suzhou peaked in 2016 and 2017, and then declined to a stable level. However, the per capita admissions of high-risk pregnant women, length of work, frequency of night shifts, and turnover rate all increased year by year. A total of 279 valid questionnaires were collected, and the valid recovery rate was 94.26%. The scores of occupational role, personal strain, and personal resources of the obstetric medical staff were 190.52±18.75, 108.63±15.17, and 121.24±15.08, respectively. The participants with higher professional titles, positions, and frequencies of overtime work showed higher occupational role scores (P < 0.05); those with shorter working years, higher frequencies of night shifts, and higher frequencies of overtime work had higher personal strain scores (P < 0.05); individuals with shorter working years, lower positions, and higher overtime work frequencies had lower personal resources (P < 0.05). The independent influencing factors for occupational role were professional title, position, and frequency of overtime work (R2=0.196, F=27.845, P < 0.001); for personal strain, the factors were working years, night shift frequency, and overtime work frequency (R2=0.214, F=21.407, P < 0.001); for personal resources, the factors were working years and frequency of overtime work (R2=0.168, F=24.816, P < 0.001).

    Conclusion

    A high occupational stress level is identified among the obstetric medical staff in selected tertiary hospitals. It is recommended to increase resource allocation and reduce night shift and overtime work frequencies to relieve occupational stress of obstetric workers.

     

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