辽西地区职业人群布鲁氏菌病患病的影响因素分析
Analysis of Influencing Factors about Brucellosis among Ocupational Groups in Western Liaoning Province
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摘要:
目的 了解辽西地区(凌海、朝阳、兴城、绥中、葫芦岛市)布鲁氏菌病(简称布病)患病的影响因素,为进一步制定预防和干预措施提供科学依据。 方法 采用单纯随机抽样的方法对辽西地区牲畜饲养、贩买及采购、屠宰、兽医等职业人群进行问卷调查。对调查资料进行χ2检验及多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。 结果 共调查职业人群1740人,其中布病患者98人,总患病率为5.63%。接触流产牲畜者患病率明显高于未接触者(P < 0.001)。不同年龄、不同文化程度、不同职业人群布病患病率差异均有统计学意义(P < 0.001)。经χ2检验得出10个影响布病患病的可疑危险因素。经多因素非条件Logistic回归分析,得出6个布病危险因素:饲养牲畜不进行免疫(OR=12.756)、不使用消毒液(OR=5.303)、不使用防护衣或手套(OR=3.265)、牲畜粪便不进行无害化处理(OR=3.129)、接触流产牲畜(OR=2.892)、购买牲畜不检疫(OR=2.549)。 结论 职业人群布病知识的缺乏及自我防护意识的淡薄,不良的生活习惯和行为是布病发生的主要原因。 Abstract:Objective To study the influencing factors about brucellosis in western Liaoning province (Linghai, Chaoyang, Xingcheng, Suizhong and Huludao City), and provide a scientific basis for further developing prevention and intervention measures. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by a simple random sampling method among occupational groups such as people who feeding, selling and slaughtering livestock, and veterinarians, etc. in western Liaoning area. The data were analysed by chi-square test and multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression. Results There were 98 patients with brucellosis among a total of 1 740 surveyed people, and the total prevalence rate was 5.63 percent. The prevalence rate of the group which had contacted with abortive livestock was higher than that of the non-contacted people (P < 0.001). The prevalence rates of brucellosis were significantly different among the surveyed people with different age, education level and occupations (P < 0.001). Altogether 10 risk factors which probably influenced the prevalence were found by chi-square test. Based on the multifactor non-condition Logistic regression analysis, 6 risk factors were significantly associated with the Brucellosis, which included raising livestock but without immunization (OR=12.756), not degerming (OR=5.303), not wearing the protective clothing or gloves (OR=3.265), not detoxicating the animal excrement (OR=3.129), contacting with abortive livestock (OR=2.892), and not quarantining when buying the livestock (OR=2.549). Conclusion Lack of knowledge about brucellosis and self-protection consciousness, as well as having bad habits and behaviors were important reasons for brucellosis infection.
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