上海市1953年至2000年矽尘工种接触矩阵分析
Establishment of Job-exposure Matrix of Silica Dust in Shanghai from 1953 to 2000
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摘要:
目的 根据上海市工作场所危害因素监测资料库中矽尘监测资料,尝试建立上海市1953年至2000年矽尘工种接触矩阵(JEM)。介绍JEM方法,以供探讨。 方法 运用EXCEL, ACCESS和STATA软件对矽尘监测资料作整理、分析、回归和推算。该资料库中有1953年至2000年矽尘的监测数据65561个。由工业卫生专家根据理论与其实践的认识评定行业及工种的强度级别;求取以不同年代(时段)、行业级别和工种级别三者分类交叉归并后的113个浓度均值;再求得对数实测浓度均值(应变量)与时段、行业级别和工种级别(自变量)之间的回归方程式,在时段上加用哑变量修饰使回归式更好地拟合各时段的波动变化,从回归式推算缺失值填补空格项。结合数据,讨论工种接触矩阵的意义、用途、方法和前景。 结果 建立了上海市1953年至2000年矽尘浓度9个时段、4个行业级别和4个工种级别的144个数据矩阵。工作场所的矽尘在48年内从高出工作标准数倍下降至接近或达到卫生标准,提示了职业卫生工作的重大成就,但曲线的波动也反映出相应的浓度问题。 结论 以上海市工作场所矽尘监测资料为基础,经统计分析建立了相应的工种接触矩阵,为职业卫生监测、职业病诊断、职业流行病学研究和劳动能力判断等方面的接触评定提供了数据基础。 Abstract:Objective To establish a job-exposure matrix (JEM)of occupational exposure to silica dust from 1953 to 2000 in Shanghai based on accumulated records from the surveillance database of occupational hazards in Shanghai; to draw attention and lead more discussion to silica dust exposure by introducing JEM. Methods To sort out, analyze, regress and calculate the surveillance records of silica dust exposure by using EXCEL, ACCESS and STATA software. There were 65 561 parameters in the database. The industrial health specialists assessed the intensity levels of different industrial categories and occupational categories based on the related theories and practices; calculated 113 average concentrations by cross-classifying and combining the factors such as different time periods, occupational rates and occupational rates; then obtained the regression model based upon logarithm of measured mean concentration (dependent variables)and period of time, and industrial rate and occupational rate (independent variable); filled different time periods with dummy variables to fit the regression model with fluctuations in different periods better, and filled up the missed values with prediction through regression model. Results This study established a JEM composed of 144 cells derived from 9 different time periods, four industrial categories and four occupational categories from 1953 to 2000 in Shanghai. The fact that the concentration of silica dust exposure in the workplace had dropped from a very high level to a level close to or compliant with the health standards in 47 years demonstrated a great achievement made in the occupational health. However, linear fluctuations also reflected the relevant problems. The meaning, usefulness, methodology, and perspective of JEM were discussed. Conclusion This study clearly organized the accumulated surveillance records of occupational exposure to silica dust in Shanghai, established a specialized JEM for occupational health surveillance, occupational disease diagnosis, epidemiological research as well as labor capability identifying.
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