三家压力容器制造企业电焊烟尘综合干预措施效果评价
Intervention and Evaluation on Welding Fume in Three Pressure Vessel Manufacturers
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摘要:
目的 评价分析上海市奉贤区压力容器制造企业电焊烟尘控制干预措施的效果,为治理该行业电焊烟尘职业危害提供依据。 方法 选取3 家压力容器制造企业作为研究对象,采用干预前、干预后对比的方法,对作业人员职业病危害知识、电焊烟尘检测及职业健康检查等情况进行统计分析。 结果 经干预措施实施后,3 家企业总的职业病危害知晓率、个人防护用品正确使用率、工作场所不吸烟不进食率、作业场所电焊烟尘浓度的合格率与干预前比较均有明显提高(χ2=69.45,χ2=100.98,χ2=30.10,χ2=7．63;均P<0.01)。干预后3 家企业总的职业健康检查率亦有明显提高(χ2=57.27;P<0.01);且以干预后上岗前体检率上升明显(χ2=37.74;P<0.01);因采取的干预措施有所不同,企业间取得的干预效果存在差异。 结论 采取有效的干预措施,对控制压力容器制造企业的电焊烟尘有显著效果,值得推广。 Abstract:Objective To comprehensively assess the effects of the intervention approaches on welding fume in pressure vessel manufacturing factories and to provide scientific evidences for the control measures to the occupational hazards. Methods Three manufacturers were selected as the subject. Interventions including automatic process promotion, occupational health training, regular use of personal protective equipments, installation and maintenance of preventive facilities, and setting of accommodation places were performed in the selected 3 factories. After interventions, the differences of workers' knowledge on the hazards, coverage of worksite monitoring and occupational health check were compared, respectively. Results Knowledge of the workers on the hazard, correct use of personal protective equipments, no-drinking/eating in worksites were significant improved(χ2=69.45, χ2=100.98, χ2=30.10; P<0.01). The rates of work station with welding fume complied to the national standard and that of the worker number undergoing health check greatly increased(χ2=7.63, χ2=57.27; P<0.01). Conclusion The interventions were effective to control the welding fume in the pressure vessel manufacturing factories and suggested to be widely spread.
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