房屋装修过程中室内空气污染物的动态变化
Dynamic Changes of Indoor Air Pollutants in Residential Decoration
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摘要:
目的 观察房屋装修过程中室内空气主要污染物的动态变化。 方法 选择一套装修中的普通民宅为观察对象,分别于装修前后不同阶段7次采集室内空气样本,采用分光光度法及气相色谱法分析样本,动态观察空气中甲醛、苯及苯系物、总挥发性有机物(TVOC)等污染物的浓度变化。 结果 参照《室内空气质量标准》 (GB/T18883-2002),房屋在常规装修过程中超标的主要污染物为二甲苯(为标准限值0.20 mg/m3的5.0~75.0倍)、TVOC(为标准限值0.60 mg/m3的12.0~79.0倍)和甲醛(为标准限值0.10 mg/m3的1.4~4.0倍),其中二甲苯和TVOC主要来源于油漆稀释剂,甲醛主要来源于墙面乳胶漆以及家具板材所用胶黏剂;在时间上以油漆喷涂、乳胶漆滚涂以及家具进场后污染最为严重。 结论 室内装修过程中挥发性污染物超标严重,主要超标物质为二甲苯、TVOC和甲醛。污染物浓度值与通风状况、装修时间密切相关。监测结果表明,装修结束后通风5个月基本可使室内污染物浓度降低到标准限值之下。 Abstract:Objective To observe the dynamic changes of major indoor air pollutants in residential decorating process. Methods A residential house being decorated was chosen as the studied object. The indoor air samples of the house were collected for 7 times covering different stages of the decoration and the concentrations changes of selected indoor pollutants, such as formaldehyde, benzene, total volatile organic compounds (TVOC), were analyzed using spectrophotometry and gas chromatography. Results According to Indoor Air Quality Standard (GB/T 18883-2002), for regular remodeling residential house, the main pollutants were xylene (5.0-75.0 times of the standard limit-0.20 mg/m3)and TVOC (12.0-79.0 times of the standard limit-0.60 mg/m3) which mainly came from the paint solvents, formaldehyde (1.4-4.0 times of the standard limit-0.10 mg/m3) which mainly came from the wall paint and the adhesives used in the furniture. During the periods of paint spraying/rolling and furniture placement, the concentrations of pollutants were higher. Conclusion During indoor decoration, volatile organic contaminants could exceed the standard severely and the main pollutants are xylene, TVOC and formaldehyde. Concentrations of the pollutants are closely associated with ventilation, and the results indicate that a five-month-ventilation could reduce the concentrations of indoor pollutants under the regulated limits.
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