上海市卢湾区公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学预警指标研究
Application of Early-Warning Indicators for Pollution Control of Centralized Air Conditioning Ventilation System in Luwan District, Shanghai
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摘要:
目的 分析上海市卢湾区公共场所集中空调通风系统潜在的危险因素,探索有效卫生管理要素,为预防空气传播性疾病提供科学依据。 方法 采用分层抽样方法,随机抽取30家公共场所开展专项问卷调查,并根据《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生规范》、《公共场所集中空调通风系统卫生学评价规范》开展检测评价。 结果 公共场所卫生应急预案及卫生学检测评价报告匮乏。70.0%场所新风口与污染源距离过近,仅6.7%场所集中空调通风系统风箱安装空气净化消毒装置,未有场所安装冷却塔除雾器或除水器控制气溶胶。冷却水检测嗜肺军团菌阳性率为70.0%,主要菌型为Lp1型;冷却水嗜肺军团菌阳性水样电导率平均值为(5 897.55& #177;601.16)μs/cm,阴性水样电导率平均值为(9 031.12& #177;1 172.35)μs/cm,差异具有统计学意义(t=-2.571,P<0.05)。 结论 冷却水军团菌监测预警可考虑采取电导率等相关指标进行快速检测,同时应控制新风污染及气溶胶扩散,及时开展清洗评价等污染控制工作。 Abstract:Objective To analyze the potential risk factors of hygienic situation of centralized air ventilation system in public venues in Luwan District of Shanghai, to explore the key elements for effective management, and to provide scientific basis for airborne disease prevention. Methods A total of 30 public venues were chosen by stratified sampling for a questionnaire survey. Assessments were carried out under Hygienic standard for centralized air conditioning ventilation system in public places and Hygienic assessment criterion of cleaning and disinfection of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public places. Results The selected public venues did not make health emergency plans nor provid regular hygienic evaluation reports. The survey found that 70.0% fresh air inlets were close to pollution sources, only 6.7% places installed air purification and disinfection devices, and none of them were equipped with cooling tower demisting to control aerosols. The cooling water test showed that the positive rate of Legionella pneumophila was 70.0% and the common type was Lp1. The average conductivity of the positive water samples was (5 897.55& #177;601.16) μs/cm and that of the negative was (9 031.12& #177;1 172.35) μs/cm (t=-2.571, P<0.05). Conclusion Indicators such as conductivity could be considered to identify Legionella pneumophila in cooling water for prewarning of pollution. The management essentials of centralized air conditioning ventilation systems in public venues are the control of fresh air pollution and aerosol spread, as well as regular cleaning work and evaluation.
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