2010年山东省城乡居民碘盐食用及主妇的碘与健康知识调查
An Investigation on Consumption of Iodized Salt and Knowledge on Iodine and Health among Housewives in Shandong Province in 2010
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摘要:
目的 了解山东省居民户碘盐与含碘丰富食品的食用情况及主妇关于碘与健康关系的知识水平,为调整碘盐政策和开展健康教育提供依据。 方法 2010 年10 月,在山东省各个设区市对淄博职业学院医学技术系2009 级临床、护理、康复专业学生家庭及亲戚、邻居的部分家庭主妇进行问卷调查。 结果 共调查6 651 户。其中,位于碘缺乏病病区的为4 190 户,位于非病区的为2 461 户;城区1 857 户,农村4 794 户。调查的居民户中,最近1 年内,一直食用加碘食盐的占86.18%,一直食用非加碘食盐的占0.48%,近期换吃非加碘食盐的占2.48%,碘盐与非碘盐交替食用的占10.86%。被调查居民户中有22 171 人,每人每天食用碘盐(6.17& #177;0.72)g,食用海带、紫菜等(10.28& #177;11.57)g,食用海鱼、虾、贝类等(19.01& #177;2.12)g。被调查的家庭主妇为6 651 人,对“碘缺乏会危害健康”全部答对的占31.95%,对“补碘过量会危害健康”全部答对的占1.20%。 结论 建议山东碘缺乏的病区须进一步提高居民碘盐的食用率、非病区应严格控制碘盐的食用;政府与卫生部门应加大宣传的力度、创新健康教育的方式、方法,提高居民对碘与健康关系的正确认识。 Abstract:Objective To find out the consumption of iodized salt and foods high in iodine as well as the knowledge of housewives on iodine and heath in Shandong Province, which will provide evidence for adjusting policy on iodized salt and health education. Methods The housewives of families/relatives/neighbors of the students registered to the School of Medical Technology, Zibo Vocational Institute of 2009 were recruited to the questionnaire survey in Dec. 2010. Results A total of 6 651 effective questionnaires were collected, 4 190 in iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) areas and 2 461 in non-IDD areas; 1 857 in rural areas and 4 794 in urban areas. In a recent year, 86.18% of the families always consumed iodized salt, 0.48% used salt without iodine, 2.48% switched to non iodized salt, and 10.86% alternated between iodized salt and non iodized salt. The selected families contained 22 171 residents. The estimated daily consumption was (6.17& #177;0.72) g per person for iodized salt, (10.28& #177;1.57) g per person for kelp and laver, and (19.01& #177;2.12) g per person for fish, shrimp and shellfish. In the 6 651 housewives surveyed, 31.95% knew the health effects of iodine deficiency correctly and 1.20% were aware of the adverse effects of excessive iodine consumption. Conclusion The coverage of iodized salt should be further extended in households in IDD areas while the iodized salt should be controlled in non-IDD areas. It is essential that new methods of health education be promoted immediately and effectively with the joint effort of both the government and the health departments.
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