雪环境中人体模型不同解剖部位的紫外线暴露剂量
Ultraviolet Exposure Level at Different Anatomical Sites of a Manikin in Snow Environment
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摘要:
目的 通过监测冬季雪前和雪后旋转人体模型不同解剖部位的紫外线暴露剂量,阐明雪环境下个体紫外线暴露的变化。 方法 在沈阳地区(北纬41& #176;51',东经123& #176;27')雪前(2006年12月14日)和雪后(2007年1月7日)的晴朗天气,采用SUB-T型紫外线监测仪进行旋转人体模型的眼、额、颊、肩和胸部日间每间隔30 min累积紫外线暴露剂量的连续监测,同时间监测水平面紫外线作为环境紫外线对照。 结果 沈阳地区冬季雪前和雪后晴好天气下,水平面、眼、额、颊、肩和胸部日间紫外线暴露剂量均为单峰钟型曲线,在正午紫外线暴露剂量达到峰值。雪环境中各解剖部位正午前后两小时紫外线累积暴露量较雪前显著增加,增加百分比为眼部183.0%(为雪前累积剂量的近3倍),其余依次为颊部104.5%,胸部57.0%,额部55.8%和肩部33.9%。 结论 雪反射能导致所监测各部位,特别是眼部接受的紫外线剂量增加,提示广大雪区人群应特别注意个体眼部紫外线的防护。 Abstract:Objective To clarify levels of individual ultraviolet (UV) exposure at different anatomical sites of a rotating manikin before and after snowing. Methods The UV exposure levels at forehead, right eye, left cheek, shoulders, and chests of a rotating manikin were measured at 30-min intervals using solar-UV sensors in sunny weather before snowing (December 14, 2006) and after snowing (January 7, 2007) in Shenyang (41& #176;51'N, 123& #176;27'E), China. Horizontal UV level was also measured over the same experimental period as control. Results The diurnal variations of UV on horizontal plane, as well as those of the eye, forehead, cheek, shoulder, and chest sites, were unimodal bell-shaped curves both before and after snowing in Shenyang. The peak values were found at noon. The cumulative 2-h UV exposure doses before and after the midday were significantly increased and the percentages of increase, in sequence, were eye (183.0%) > cheek (104.5%) > chest (57.0%) > forehead (55.8%) > shoulders (33.9%). Especially at the eye site, the UV dose after snowing was nearly 3 times that before snowing. Conclusion Snow reflection can lead to UV exposure increasing at various anatomical sites, especially at the eyes. People living in the snowy area should take measures to protect their eyes from UV exposure.
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