长期职业性锰暴露对工人肺功能的影响
Long-Term Effect of Occupational Exposure to Manganese on Pulmonary Ventilation Function
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摘要:
目的 分析长期职业性锰尘和粉尘暴露对工人肺功能的影响,评价锰尘累积暴露与肺功能的剂量-效应关系。 方法 于2011年对广西某锰冶炼厂280名男性工人进行调查,并回顾性收集历年各车间锰、粉尘浓度监测资料和2006年与2010年工人肺功能检测结果;根据各车间锰、粉尘浓度和接触工龄分别计算出截至2006年与2010年的锰、粉尘累积暴露量。 结果 该厂锰作业工人2010年各项肺功能指标均值均低于2006年检测值,其中用力肺活量(FVC)、第一秒时间肺活量(FEV1)、最高吸气流量(PIF)、75%呼气流速(MEF75)降低明显,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);锰作业工人2006年时锰作业工龄平均为(14.27& #177;6.48)年,FVC、FEV1、MEF75与粉尘累积暴露量负相关(P<0.05),肺功能各指标与锰累积暴露量均无相关关系(P>0.05);2010年时锰作业工人工龄平均为(18.05& #177;6.41)年,FVC、FEV1与粉尘累积暴露量负相关,最高呼气流量(PEF)、MEF75、50%呼气流速(MEF50)与锰累积暴露量负相关(P<0.05)。 结论 职业性锰尘长期累积暴露与肺功能降低有剂量-效应关系。 Abstract:Objective To analyze pulmonary function changes caused by long-term occupational exposure to manganese and dust and assess the dose-effect relationship between cumulative exposure and pulmonary ventilation function. Methods Totally 280 male workers were chosen from a manganese smelter in Guangxi in 2011. Concentrations of manganese and dust in the air of workplaces and parameters of workers' pulmonary ventilation function in 2006 and 2010 were retrospectively collected. Cumulative exposure indices of 2006 and 2010 were calculated based on the concentration and duration of exposure to manganese and dust. Results The averages of pulmonary function indicators of the manganese-exposed workers in 2010 were lower than those in 2006, with significant differences in the forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), and maximum expiratory flow rate at 75% of FVC (MEF75) (P<0.05). Partial correlation analysis showed that there were negative correlations between cumulative exposure to dust and changes in FVC, FEV1, and MEF75 after exposure to dust for average 14.27& #177;6.48 years in 2006 (P<0.05), but there was no correlation between cumulative exposure to manganese and the indicators of pulmonary ventilation function (P>0.05). After exposure to manganese and dust for average 18.05& #177;6.41 years in 2010, there were negative correlations between cumulative exposure to dust and changes in FVC and FEV1, as well as between cumulative exposure to manganese and changes in peak expiratory flow (PEF), MEF75, and maximum expiratory flow rate at 50% of FVC (MEF50) (P<0.05). Conclusion There was a dose-effect relationship between long-term occupational cumulative exposure to manganese dust and reduction in pulmonary ventilation function.
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