沙尘天气可吸入颗粒物对气管炎门诊就诊数的影响
Association of Inhalable Particles in Dust Events with Daily Outpatient Visits for Tracheitis
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摘要:
目的 研究沙尘天气大气可吸入颗粒物(直径 ≤ 10μm,PM10)与气管炎每日门诊就诊数的联系。 方法 采用半参数广义相加泊松回归模型,控制时间长期趋势、季节趋势、气象因素、日历效应等因素影响,分析 2004年 3月1日-5月31日沙尘暴频发区——甘肃省武威市大气PM10与气管炎每日门诊就诊数的联系及其相对危险度(RR)。 结果 沙尘天气 PM10与滞后 2 d(lag2)男、女性气管炎门诊就诊数的联系有统计学意义(P<0.05);调整其他污染物后,PM10或SO2对男、女性气管炎门诊 RR的影响均有所降低,但仍然有统计学意义(P<0.05);分别调整 SO2和(或)PM10后,NO2对男、女性气管炎门诊 RR的影响无统计学意义。气管炎门诊 RR值随沙尘天气的强度增大而增大:清洁天 < 轻度污染天 < 扬沙天 < 沙尘暴天。 结论 沙尘 PM10可引起暴露居民气管炎门诊就诊数增加,为滞后效应,且存在浓度-效应关系。 Abstract:Objective To explore the association of particulate matter with medium aerodynamic diameter ≤ 10μm (PM10) in the atmosphere during dust events with the daily number of tracheitis outpatient visits. Methods The medical records of all tracheitis outpatient visiting to 7 medium or large general hospitals from March 1st to May 31st of 2004 in Wuwei, Gansu Province were retrieved. The selected time period represented frequent typical sandstorm weather. With adjustments to long time trends, seasonal trends, meteorological variables, and calendar effect, the relative risks (RRs) of tracheitis outpatient visits during sandstorm weather were calculated by semi-parametric generalized additive Poisson regression model (GAM). Results There were significant associations between the PM10 of dust events and the daily number of tracheitis outpatient visits with a lag of 2 days in both genders. The results of co-pollutant model and multi-pollutant model indicated the effects of both PM10 and SO2 on the daily number of tracheitis outpatient visits in males or females were decreased after adjusting for other pollutants, but the significant associations were retained. However, the effects of NO2 on the daily number of tracheitis outpatient visits were towards null after adjusting for PM10 or/and SO2. The RRs of daily tracheitis outpatient visits increased with the intensity of dust events:clean day < light contaminated day < blowing sands < dust storm. Conclusion PM10 in dust events is positively associated with increasing tracheitis outpatient visits in both males and females with time lag in a dose-effect manner.
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