杨硕, 郭红卫. 膳食平衡指数在评价京、沪、穗学龄前儿童膳食结构中的应用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2013, 30(3): 167-170.
引用本文: 杨硕, 郭红卫. 膳食平衡指数在评价京、沪、穗学龄前儿童膳食结构中的应用[J]. 环境与职业医学, 2013, 30(3): 167-170.
YANG Shuo , GUO Hong-wei . Application of Diet Balance Index to Preschoolers' Dietary Structure Evaluation in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2013, 30(3): 167-170.
Citation: YANG Shuo , GUO Hong-wei . Application of Diet Balance Index to Preschoolers' Dietary Structure Evaluation in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou[J]. Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, 2013, 30(3): 167-170.

膳食平衡指数在评价京、沪、穗学龄前儿童膳食结构中的应用

Application of Diet Balance Index to Preschoolers' Dietary Structure Evaluation in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou

  • 摘要: 目的 了解京、沪、穗三地4~7 岁学龄前儿童膳食摄入情况, 评价其膳食结构, 为合理指导饮食, 制定、评价和修订营养干预措施提供科学依据。

    方法 采用分层整群抽样法, 通过食物频率问卷, 收集京、沪、穗三地3 098 名4~7 岁调查对象过去6 个月21 种常见食物的摄入状况, 参照学龄前儿童平衡膳食宝塔建议的食物摄入量, 对其膳食结构进行膳食平衡指数(DBI)评分, 并对膳食模式(A~I)进行评价。

    结果 京、沪、穗三地调查人群DBI 的总分、负端分、正端分、膳食质量距得分分别相近, 三地膳食平衡指数总分为-14.04, 负端分为15.10, 正端分为1.06, 膳食质量距为16.16;三地学龄前儿童膳食模式A(摄入不足与摄入过量的问题均较少)占70.5%, 膳食模式B(摄入过量问题较少, 但存在一定程度的摄入不足)占28.3%, 膳食模式C(主要问题是严重的摄入不足)、D(摄入不足的问题较少, 但存在一定程度的摄入过量)、E(存在中等程度的摄入不足和摄入过量)共占1.2%, 该样本人群没有人为模式F(存在着一定程度的摄入过量, 同时存在着较高程度的摄入不足问题)、G(主要问题是摄入过量)、H(存在较为严重的摄入过量问题的同时, 存在着一定程度的摄入不足)和I(摄入不足和摄入过量的问题均很严重)。

    结论 京、沪、穗三地学龄前儿童膳食结构不尽合理。建议通过加强学龄前儿童、家长及相关人员的营养教育等多种途径, 培养学龄前儿童良好膳食习惯, 改善学龄前儿童营养状况。

     

    Abstract: Objective To investigate dietary intakes among 4-to 7-year-old preschool children in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou and evaluate their dietary structures, so as to propose rational dietary guideline and to provide scientific basis to formulate, evaluate, and revise dietary interventions.

    Methods A total of 3 098 4-to 7-year-old preschool children were recruited in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Their parents or caregivers were surveyed using self-administrated food frequency questionnaires to collect information on children's intake and frequency of 21 common foods over the past 6 months. The dietary patterns (A-I) representing combinations of Chinese Dietary Balance Index (DBI) scores based on the diet balance pagoda for preschoolers were used to assess diet quality.

    Results The preschool children involved in this study presented close DBI scores in total score (TS), low bound score (LBS), high bound score (HBS), and diet quality distance (DQD). The average scores of three areas for TS, LBS, HBS, and DQD were-14.04, 15.10, 1.06, and 16.16, respectively. Among the preschoolers, 70.5% were classified into dietary pattern A (minor excessive and inadequate dietary intake problems); 28.3% into dietary pattern B (minor excessive dietary intake problems, but moderate inadequate dietary intake problems); and 1.2% into combined dietary pattern C (severe inadequate dietary intake problems), D (minor inadequate dietary intake problems, but moderate excessive dietary intake problems), and E (moderate inadequate and excessive dietary intake problems). No children were categorized in dietary pattern F (moderate inadequate and excessive dietary intake problems), G (severe excessive dietary intake problems), H (severe excessive dietary problems, and moderate inadequate dietary problems), or I (severe excessive and inadequate dietary problems).

    Conclusion Potential improvements to the dietary structures of preschool children in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou are identified. It is necessary to strengthen the nutrition education for preschool children, their parents, and other related persons in order to build good eating habit and improve nutritional status among preschool children.

     

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